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Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide
The T cell-mediated immune response is primarily involved in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer and its underlying mechanisms are complex. The anti-tumor T cell response is regulated by various T cell subsets and other cells and tissues in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various mech...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685635 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102655 |
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author | Navasardyan, Inesa Bonavida, Benjamin |
author_facet | Navasardyan, Inesa Bonavida, Benjamin |
author_sort | Navasardyan, Inesa |
collection | PubMed |
description | The T cell-mediated immune response is primarily involved in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer and its underlying mechanisms are complex. The anti-tumor T cell response is regulated by various T cell subsets and other cells and tissues in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various mechanisms are involved in the regulation of these various effector cells. One mechanism is the iNOS/.NO that has been reported to be intimately involved in the regulation and differentiation of the various cells that regulate the anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Both endogenous and exogenous .NO are implicated in this regulation. Importantly, the exposure of T cells to .NO had different effects on the immune response, depending on the .NO concentration and time of exposure. For instance, iNOS in T cells regulates activation-induced cell death and inhibits Treg induction. Effector CD8 T cells exposed to .NO result in the upregulation of death receptors and enhance their anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. .NO-Tregs suppress CD4 Th17 cells and their differentiation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expressing iNOS inhibit T cell functions via .NO and inhibit anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Therefore, both .NO donors and .NO inhibitors are potential therapeutics tailored to specific target cells that regulate the T cell effector anti-tumor response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8534057 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85340572021-10-23 Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide Navasardyan, Inesa Bonavida, Benjamin Cells Review The T cell-mediated immune response is primarily involved in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer and its underlying mechanisms are complex. The anti-tumor T cell response is regulated by various T cell subsets and other cells and tissues in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various mechanisms are involved in the regulation of these various effector cells. One mechanism is the iNOS/.NO that has been reported to be intimately involved in the regulation and differentiation of the various cells that regulate the anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Both endogenous and exogenous .NO are implicated in this regulation. Importantly, the exposure of T cells to .NO had different effects on the immune response, depending on the .NO concentration and time of exposure. For instance, iNOS in T cells regulates activation-induced cell death and inhibits Treg induction. Effector CD8 T cells exposed to .NO result in the upregulation of death receptors and enhance their anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. .NO-Tregs suppress CD4 Th17 cells and their differentiation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expressing iNOS inhibit T cell functions via .NO and inhibit anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Therefore, both .NO donors and .NO inhibitors are potential therapeutics tailored to specific target cells that regulate the T cell effector anti-tumor response. MDPI 2021-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8534057/ /pubmed/34685635 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102655 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Navasardyan, Inesa Bonavida, Benjamin Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide |
title | Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide |
title_full | Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide |
title_fullStr | Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide |
title_short | Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide |
title_sort | regulation of t cells in cancer by nitric oxide |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685635 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102655 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT navasardyaninesa regulationoftcellsincancerbynitricoxide AT bonavidabenjamin regulationoftcellsincancerbynitricoxide |