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Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
The reliable classification of benign and malignant lesions in breast ultrasound images can provide an effective and relatively low-cost method for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The accuracy of the diagnosis is, however, highly dependent on the quality of the ultrasound systems and the exper...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34679557 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101859 |
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author | Kalafi, Elham Yousef Jodeiri, Ata Setarehdan, Seyed Kamaledin Lin, Ng Wei Rahmat, Kartini Taib, Nur Aishah Ganggayah, Mogana Darshini Dhillon, Sarinder Kaur |
author_facet | Kalafi, Elham Yousef Jodeiri, Ata Setarehdan, Seyed Kamaledin Lin, Ng Wei Rahmat, Kartini Taib, Nur Aishah Ganggayah, Mogana Darshini Dhillon, Sarinder Kaur |
author_sort | Kalafi, Elham Yousef |
collection | PubMed |
description | The reliable classification of benign and malignant lesions in breast ultrasound images can provide an effective and relatively low-cost method for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The accuracy of the diagnosis is, however, highly dependent on the quality of the ultrasound systems and the experience of the users (radiologists). The use of deep convolutional neural network approaches has provided solutions for the efficient analysis of breast ultrasound images. In this study, we propose a new framework for the classification of breast cancer lesions with an attention module in a modified VGG16 architecture. The adopted attention mechanism enhances the feature discrimination between the background and targeted lesions in ultrasound. We also propose a new ensembled loss function, which is a combination of binary cross-entropy and the logarithm of the hyperbolic cosine loss, to improve the model discrepancy between classified lesions and their labels. This combined loss function optimizes the network more quickly. The proposed model outperformed other modified VGG16 architectures, with an accuracy of 93%, and also, the results are competitive with those of other state-of-the-art frameworks for the classification of breast cancer lesions. Our experimental results show that the choice of loss function is highly important and plays a key role in breast lesion classification tasks. Additionally, by adding an attention block, we could improve the performance of the model. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8534785 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85347852021-10-23 Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Kalafi, Elham Yousef Jodeiri, Ata Setarehdan, Seyed Kamaledin Lin, Ng Wei Rahmat, Kartini Taib, Nur Aishah Ganggayah, Mogana Darshini Dhillon, Sarinder Kaur Diagnostics (Basel) Article The reliable classification of benign and malignant lesions in breast ultrasound images can provide an effective and relatively low-cost method for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The accuracy of the diagnosis is, however, highly dependent on the quality of the ultrasound systems and the experience of the users (radiologists). The use of deep convolutional neural network approaches has provided solutions for the efficient analysis of breast ultrasound images. In this study, we propose a new framework for the classification of breast cancer lesions with an attention module in a modified VGG16 architecture. The adopted attention mechanism enhances the feature discrimination between the background and targeted lesions in ultrasound. We also propose a new ensembled loss function, which is a combination of binary cross-entropy and the logarithm of the hyperbolic cosine loss, to improve the model discrepancy between classified lesions and their labels. This combined loss function optimizes the network more quickly. The proposed model outperformed other modified VGG16 architectures, with an accuracy of 93%, and also, the results are competitive with those of other state-of-the-art frameworks for the classification of breast cancer lesions. Our experimental results show that the choice of loss function is highly important and plays a key role in breast lesion classification tasks. Additionally, by adding an attention block, we could improve the performance of the model. MDPI 2021-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8534785/ /pubmed/34679557 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101859 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kalafi, Elham Yousef Jodeiri, Ata Setarehdan, Seyed Kamaledin Lin, Ng Wei Rahmat, Kartini Taib, Nur Aishah Ganggayah, Mogana Darshini Dhillon, Sarinder Kaur Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks |
title | Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks |
title_full | Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks |
title_fullStr | Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks |
title_full_unstemmed | Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks |
title_short | Classification of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images by Using Attention Layer and Loss Ensemble in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks |
title_sort | classification of breast cancer lesions in ultrasound images by using attention layer and loss ensemble in deep convolutional neural networks |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34679557 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101859 |
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