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Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia

Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia) are a source of phenolic bioactive compounds (scopoletin, alizarin, and rutin), which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, subcritical water was applied to determine the extraction yields and kinetics of phenol...

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Autores principales: Jamaludin, Roslina, Kim, Dong-Shin, Salleh, Liza Md, Lim, Sang-Bin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534878/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681309
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102260
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author Jamaludin, Roslina
Kim, Dong-Shin
Salleh, Liza Md
Lim, Sang-Bin
author_facet Jamaludin, Roslina
Kim, Dong-Shin
Salleh, Liza Md
Lim, Sang-Bin
author_sort Jamaludin, Roslina
collection PubMed
description Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia) are a source of phenolic bioactive compounds (scopoletin, alizarin, and rutin), which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, subcritical water was applied to determine the extraction yields and kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The scopoletin and alizarin yields increased with the increase in temperature from 100 to 140 °C, while that of rutin increased up to 120 °C and then decreased at 140 °C. The yields of all the compounds rapidly increased from 1 to 2 mL/min and then slightly up to 3 mL/min of water flow rate. The extraction kinetics were assessed using two mathematical models. The two-site kinetic desorption model had a better fit for all experimental conditions throughout the extraction cycle and best described the extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The diffusion coefficients of scopoletin and alizarin at 140 °C and 3 mL/min were 3.7- and 16.2-fold higher than those at 100 °C and 1 mL/min, respectively. The activation energies of alizarin were 2.9- to 8.5-fold higher than those of scopoletin at various flow rates. Thus, subcritical water could be an excellent solvent with higher extraction yields and shorter extraction times using an environmentally friendly solvent.
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spelling pubmed-85348782021-10-23 Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia Jamaludin, Roslina Kim, Dong-Shin Salleh, Liza Md Lim, Sang-Bin Foods Article Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia) are a source of phenolic bioactive compounds (scopoletin, alizarin, and rutin), which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, subcritical water was applied to determine the extraction yields and kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The scopoletin and alizarin yields increased with the increase in temperature from 100 to 140 °C, while that of rutin increased up to 120 °C and then decreased at 140 °C. The yields of all the compounds rapidly increased from 1 to 2 mL/min and then slightly up to 3 mL/min of water flow rate. The extraction kinetics were assessed using two mathematical models. The two-site kinetic desorption model had a better fit for all experimental conditions throughout the extraction cycle and best described the extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The diffusion coefficients of scopoletin and alizarin at 140 °C and 3 mL/min were 3.7- and 16.2-fold higher than those at 100 °C and 1 mL/min, respectively. The activation energies of alizarin were 2.9- to 8.5-fold higher than those of scopoletin at various flow rates. Thus, subcritical water could be an excellent solvent with higher extraction yields and shorter extraction times using an environmentally friendly solvent. MDPI 2021-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8534878/ /pubmed/34681309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102260 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jamaludin, Roslina
Kim, Dong-Shin
Salleh, Liza Md
Lim, Sang-Bin
Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia
title Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia
title_full Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia
title_fullStr Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia
title_full_unstemmed Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia
title_short Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia
title_sort kinetic study of subcritical water extraction of scopoletin, alizarin, and rutin from morinda citrifolia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534878/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681309
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102260
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