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Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market
Biogenic amines accumulate in proteinaceous raw materials used for pet food production. In canned, sterilized food, amine levels of the ingredients are preserved and may both be indicative of hygiene deficiencies in the ingredients as well as for potential adverse effects to the animals feeding on i...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8535367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102365 |
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author | Paulsen, Peter Bauer, Susanne Bauer, Friedrich Dicakova, Zuzana |
author_facet | Paulsen, Peter Bauer, Susanne Bauer, Friedrich Dicakova, Zuzana |
author_sort | Paulsen, Peter |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biogenic amines accumulate in proteinaceous raw materials used for pet food production. In canned, sterilized food, amine levels of the ingredients are preserved and may both be indicative of hygiene deficiencies in the ingredients as well as for potential adverse effects to the animals feeding on it. We determined the contents of biogenic amines and polyamines (dansyl derivatives, high performance liquid chromatography) in a variety of canned food for dogs (n = 72) and cats (n = 114) on the Austrian market and compared the results with common quality indices. Contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were below the limit of detection in >70% of samples (maximum values: 21.5, 98.4 and 32.5 mg/kg wet weight, respectively). Median contents of histamine, spermidine, and spermine were 14.5, 12.7, and 29.4 mg/kg, and maximum values were 61.6, 28.2, and 53.6 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. The sum of (putrescine + cadaverine + histamine + tyramine) was >50 mg/kg in 22.6% of samples. The biogenic amine index exceeded “1” in 26.7% of samples. Whilst cat food contained significantly higher amounts of tyramine, dog food contained significantly higher amounts of histamine and spermine. In canned cat food, the ingredient “fish” was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for a biogenic amine index > 1 (relative risk = 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.8–5.5)) and for (putrescine + cadaverine + histamine + tyramine) exceeding 50 mg/kg (relative risk = 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.2–4.6)), due to higher contents of cadaverine in food samples containing fish. While all samples met the limits suggested in pet food production, we could demonstrate that the inclusion of fish in the formulation bears a significant risk for higher cadaverine contents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8535367 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85353672021-10-23 Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market Paulsen, Peter Bauer, Susanne Bauer, Friedrich Dicakova, Zuzana Foods Article Biogenic amines accumulate in proteinaceous raw materials used for pet food production. In canned, sterilized food, amine levels of the ingredients are preserved and may both be indicative of hygiene deficiencies in the ingredients as well as for potential adverse effects to the animals feeding on it. We determined the contents of biogenic amines and polyamines (dansyl derivatives, high performance liquid chromatography) in a variety of canned food for dogs (n = 72) and cats (n = 114) on the Austrian market and compared the results with common quality indices. Contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were below the limit of detection in >70% of samples (maximum values: 21.5, 98.4 and 32.5 mg/kg wet weight, respectively). Median contents of histamine, spermidine, and spermine were 14.5, 12.7, and 29.4 mg/kg, and maximum values were 61.6, 28.2, and 53.6 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. The sum of (putrescine + cadaverine + histamine + tyramine) was >50 mg/kg in 22.6% of samples. The biogenic amine index exceeded “1” in 26.7% of samples. Whilst cat food contained significantly higher amounts of tyramine, dog food contained significantly higher amounts of histamine and spermine. In canned cat food, the ingredient “fish” was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for a biogenic amine index > 1 (relative risk = 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.8–5.5)) and for (putrescine + cadaverine + histamine + tyramine) exceeding 50 mg/kg (relative risk = 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.2–4.6)), due to higher contents of cadaverine in food samples containing fish. While all samples met the limits suggested in pet food production, we could demonstrate that the inclusion of fish in the formulation bears a significant risk for higher cadaverine contents. MDPI 2021-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8535367/ /pubmed/34681414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102365 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Paulsen, Peter Bauer, Susanne Bauer, Friedrich Dicakova, Zuzana Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market |
title | Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market |
title_full | Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market |
title_fullStr | Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market |
title_full_unstemmed | Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market |
title_short | Contents of Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Canned Pet (Dogs and Cats) Food on the Austrian Market |
title_sort | contents of polyamines and biogenic amines in canned pet (dogs and cats) food on the austrian market |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8535367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102365 |
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