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Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons
LINE-1 (L1) is a class of autonomous mobile genetic elements that form somatic mosaicisms in various tissues of the organism. The activity of L1 retrotransposons is strictly controlled by many factors in somatic and germ cells at all stages of ontogenesis. Alteration of L1 activity was noted in a nu...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8535693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680956 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101562 |
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author | Protasova, Maria Sergeevna Andreeva, Tatiana Vladimirovna Rogaev, Evgeny Ivanovich |
author_facet | Protasova, Maria Sergeevna Andreeva, Tatiana Vladimirovna Rogaev, Evgeny Ivanovich |
author_sort | Protasova, Maria Sergeevna |
collection | PubMed |
description | LINE-1 (L1) is a class of autonomous mobile genetic elements that form somatic mosaicisms in various tissues of the organism. The activity of L1 retrotransposons is strictly controlled by many factors in somatic and germ cells at all stages of ontogenesis. Alteration of L1 activity was noted in a number of diseases: in neuropsychiatric and autoimmune diseases, as well as in various forms of cancer. Altered activity of L1 retrotransposons for some pathologies is associated with epigenetic changes and defects in the genes involved in their repression. This review discusses the molecular genetic mechanisms of the retrotransposition and regulation of the activity of L1 elements. The contribution of various factors controlling the expression and distribution of L1 elements in the genome occurs at all stages of the retrotransposition. The regulation of L1 elements at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and integration into the genome stages is described in detail. Finally, this review also focuses on the evolutionary aspects of L1 accumulation and their interplay with the host regulation system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8535693 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85356932021-10-23 Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons Protasova, Maria Sergeevna Andreeva, Tatiana Vladimirovna Rogaev, Evgeny Ivanovich Genes (Basel) Review LINE-1 (L1) is a class of autonomous mobile genetic elements that form somatic mosaicisms in various tissues of the organism. The activity of L1 retrotransposons is strictly controlled by many factors in somatic and germ cells at all stages of ontogenesis. Alteration of L1 activity was noted in a number of diseases: in neuropsychiatric and autoimmune diseases, as well as in various forms of cancer. Altered activity of L1 retrotransposons for some pathologies is associated with epigenetic changes and defects in the genes involved in their repression. This review discusses the molecular genetic mechanisms of the retrotransposition and regulation of the activity of L1 elements. The contribution of various factors controlling the expression and distribution of L1 elements in the genome occurs at all stages of the retrotransposition. The regulation of L1 elements at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and integration into the genome stages is described in detail. Finally, this review also focuses on the evolutionary aspects of L1 accumulation and their interplay with the host regulation system. MDPI 2021-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8535693/ /pubmed/34680956 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101562 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Protasova, Maria Sergeevna Andreeva, Tatiana Vladimirovna Rogaev, Evgeny Ivanovich Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons |
title | Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons |
title_full | Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons |
title_fullStr | Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons |
title_full_unstemmed | Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons |
title_short | Factors Regulating the Activity of LINE1 Retrotransposons |
title_sort | factors regulating the activity of line1 retrotransposons |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8535693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680956 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101562 |
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