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Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic

The Covid-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe, resulting in more than 3 million deaths worldwide. The symptoms of Covid-19 are usually mild and non-specific, however in some cases patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation. Individuals with...

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Autores principales: du Plessis, M., Fourie, C., Riedemann, J., de Villiers, W.J.S., Engelbrecht, A.M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34794863
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.005
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author du Plessis, M.
Fourie, C.
Riedemann, J.
de Villiers, W.J.S.
Engelbrecht, A.M.
author_facet du Plessis, M.
Fourie, C.
Riedemann, J.
de Villiers, W.J.S.
Engelbrecht, A.M.
author_sort du Plessis, M.
collection PubMed
description The Covid-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe, resulting in more than 3 million deaths worldwide. The symptoms of Covid-19 are usually mild and non-specific, however in some cases patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation. Individuals with inflammatory or immunocompromising illnesses, such as cancer, are more susceptible to develop ARDS and have higher rates of mortality. This is mediated through an initial hyperstimulated immune response which results in elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a subsequent cytokine storm. This potentiates positive feedback loops which are unable to be balanced by anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, elevated levels of IL-1β, as a result of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α amongst many others, contribute to the progression of various cancer types. Furthermore, Covid-19 progression is associated with the depletion of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, B cell and natural killer cell numbers. Collectively, a Covid-19-dependent pro-inflammatory profile and immune suppression promotes the optimal microenvironment for tumourigenesis, initiation and immune evasion of malignant cells, tumour progression and metastasis as well as cancer recurrence. There are, however, therapeutic windows of opportunity that may combat both Covid-19 and cancer to improve patient outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-85364882021-10-25 Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic du Plessis, M. Fourie, C. Riedemann, J. de Villiers, W.J.S. Engelbrecht, A.M. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev Mini Review The Covid-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe, resulting in more than 3 million deaths worldwide. The symptoms of Covid-19 are usually mild and non-specific, however in some cases patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation. Individuals with inflammatory or immunocompromising illnesses, such as cancer, are more susceptible to develop ARDS and have higher rates of mortality. This is mediated through an initial hyperstimulated immune response which results in elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a subsequent cytokine storm. This potentiates positive feedback loops which are unable to be balanced by anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, elevated levels of IL-1β, as a result of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α amongst many others, contribute to the progression of various cancer types. Furthermore, Covid-19 progression is associated with the depletion of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, B cell and natural killer cell numbers. Collectively, a Covid-19-dependent pro-inflammatory profile and immune suppression promotes the optimal microenvironment for tumourigenesis, initiation and immune evasion of malignant cells, tumour progression and metastasis as well as cancer recurrence. There are, however, therapeutic windows of opportunity that may combat both Covid-19 and cancer to improve patient outcomes. Elsevier Ltd. 2022-02 2021-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8536488/ /pubmed/34794863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.005 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Mini Review
du Plessis, M.
Fourie, C.
Riedemann, J.
de Villiers, W.J.S.
Engelbrecht, A.M.
Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic
title Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic
title_full Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic
title_fullStr Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic
title_full_unstemmed Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic
title_short Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic
title_sort cancer and covid-19: collectively catastrophic
topic Mini Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34794863
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.005
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