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Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria

Biomineralization is the process of mineral formation by living organisms. One notable example of these organisms is magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). MTB are Gram-negative bacteria that can biomineralize iron into magnetic nanoparticles. This ability allows these aquatic microorganisms to orient themse...

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Autores principales: Ben-Shimon, Shirel, Stein, Daniel, Zarivach, Raz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34723168
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100052
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author Ben-Shimon, Shirel
Stein, Daniel
Zarivach, Raz
author_facet Ben-Shimon, Shirel
Stein, Daniel
Zarivach, Raz
author_sort Ben-Shimon, Shirel
collection PubMed
description Biomineralization is the process of mineral formation by living organisms. One notable example of these organisms is magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). MTB are Gram-negative bacteria that can biomineralize iron into magnetic nanoparticles. This ability allows these aquatic microorganisms to orient themselves according to the geomagnetic field. The biomineralization process takes place in a specialized sub-cellular membranous organelle, the magnetosome. The magnetosome contains a defined set of magnetosome-associated proteins (MAPs) that controls the biomineralization environment, including iron concentration, redox, and pH. Magnetite formation is subjected to a tight regulation within the magnetosome that affects the nanoparticle nucleation, size, and shape, leading to well-defined magnetic properties. The formed magnetite nanoparticles have unique characteristics of a stable, single magnetic domain with narrow size distribution and high crystalline structures, which turned MTB into the subject of interest in multidisciplinary research. This graphical review provides a current overview of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria, focusing on Alphaproteobacteria. To better understand this complex mechanism, we present the four main steps and the main MAPs participating in the process of magnetosome formation.
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spelling pubmed-85367782021-10-29 Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria Ben-Shimon, Shirel Stein, Daniel Zarivach, Raz J Struct Biol X Graphical Structural Biology Review Biomineralization is the process of mineral formation by living organisms. One notable example of these organisms is magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). MTB are Gram-negative bacteria that can biomineralize iron into magnetic nanoparticles. This ability allows these aquatic microorganisms to orient themselves according to the geomagnetic field. The biomineralization process takes place in a specialized sub-cellular membranous organelle, the magnetosome. The magnetosome contains a defined set of magnetosome-associated proteins (MAPs) that controls the biomineralization environment, including iron concentration, redox, and pH. Magnetite formation is subjected to a tight regulation within the magnetosome that affects the nanoparticle nucleation, size, and shape, leading to well-defined magnetic properties. The formed magnetite nanoparticles have unique characteristics of a stable, single magnetic domain with narrow size distribution and high crystalline structures, which turned MTB into the subject of interest in multidisciplinary research. This graphical review provides a current overview of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria, focusing on Alphaproteobacteria. To better understand this complex mechanism, we present the four main steps and the main MAPs participating in the process of magnetosome formation. Elsevier 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8536778/ /pubmed/34723168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100052 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Graphical Structural Biology Review
Ben-Shimon, Shirel
Stein, Daniel
Zarivach, Raz
Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
title Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
title_full Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
title_fullStr Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
title_short Current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
title_sort current view of iron biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria
topic Graphical Structural Biology Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34723168
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100052
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