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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly ingested via meat and are produced from high-temperature cooking of meat. Some of these PAHs have potential roles in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate PAH concentrations in eight types of commonly consumed ready-to...

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Autores principales: Cheng, Tracie, Chaousis, Stephanie, Kodagoda Gamage, Sujani Madhurika, Lam, Alfred King-yin, Gopalan, Vinod
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681617
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010959
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author Cheng, Tracie
Chaousis, Stephanie
Kodagoda Gamage, Sujani Madhurika
Lam, Alfred King-yin
Gopalan, Vinod
author_facet Cheng, Tracie
Chaousis, Stephanie
Kodagoda Gamage, Sujani Madhurika
Lam, Alfred King-yin
Gopalan, Vinod
author_sort Cheng, Tracie
collection PubMed
description Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly ingested via meat and are produced from high-temperature cooking of meat. Some of these PAHs have potential roles in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate PAH concentrations in eight types of commonly consumed ready-to-eat meat samples and their potential effects on gene expressions related to CRC. Extraction and clean-up of meat samples were performed using QuEChERS method, and PAHs were detected using GC-MS. Nine different PAHs were found in meat samples. Interestingly, roast turkey contained the highest total PAH content, followed by salami meat. Hams of varying levels of smokedness showed a proportional increase of phenanthrene (PHEN), anthracene (ANTH), and fluorene (FLU). Triple-smoked ham samples showed significantly higher levels of these PAHs compared to single-smoked ham. These three PAHs plus benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), being detected in three meat samples, were chosen as treatments to investigate in vitro gene expression changes in human colon cells. After PAH treatment, total RNA was extracted and rtPCR was performed, investigating gene expression related to CRC. B[a]P decreased mRNA expression of TP53. In addition, at high concentrations, B[a]P significantly increased KRAS expression. Treatments with 1 µM PHEN, 25 µM, and 10 µM FLU significantly increased KRAS mRNA expression in vitro, implying the potential basis for PAH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Opposingly, the ANTH treatment led to increased TP53 and APC expression and decreased KRAS expression, suggesting an anti-carcinogenic effect. To conclude, PAHs are common in ready-to-eat meat samples and are capable of significantly modifying the expression of key genes related to CRC.
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spelling pubmed-85370072021-10-24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers Cheng, Tracie Chaousis, Stephanie Kodagoda Gamage, Sujani Madhurika Lam, Alfred King-yin Gopalan, Vinod Int J Mol Sci Article Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly ingested via meat and are produced from high-temperature cooking of meat. Some of these PAHs have potential roles in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate PAH concentrations in eight types of commonly consumed ready-to-eat meat samples and their potential effects on gene expressions related to CRC. Extraction and clean-up of meat samples were performed using QuEChERS method, and PAHs were detected using GC-MS. Nine different PAHs were found in meat samples. Interestingly, roast turkey contained the highest total PAH content, followed by salami meat. Hams of varying levels of smokedness showed a proportional increase of phenanthrene (PHEN), anthracene (ANTH), and fluorene (FLU). Triple-smoked ham samples showed significantly higher levels of these PAHs compared to single-smoked ham. These three PAHs plus benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), being detected in three meat samples, were chosen as treatments to investigate in vitro gene expression changes in human colon cells. After PAH treatment, total RNA was extracted and rtPCR was performed, investigating gene expression related to CRC. B[a]P decreased mRNA expression of TP53. In addition, at high concentrations, B[a]P significantly increased KRAS expression. Treatments with 1 µM PHEN, 25 µM, and 10 µM FLU significantly increased KRAS mRNA expression in vitro, implying the potential basis for PAH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Opposingly, the ANTH treatment led to increased TP53 and APC expression and decreased KRAS expression, suggesting an anti-carcinogenic effect. To conclude, PAHs are common in ready-to-eat meat samples and are capable of significantly modifying the expression of key genes related to CRC. MDPI 2021-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8537007/ /pubmed/34681617 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010959 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cheng, Tracie
Chaousis, Stephanie
Kodagoda Gamage, Sujani Madhurika
Lam, Alfred King-yin
Gopalan, Vinod
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers
title Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers
title_full Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers
title_fullStr Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers
title_full_unstemmed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers
title_short Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Detected in Processed Meats Cause Genetic Changes in Colorectal Cancers
title_sort polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in processed meats cause genetic changes in colorectal cancers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681617
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010959
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