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Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation

Cardiac arrest (CA) causes severe spinal cord injury and evokes spinal cord disorders including paraplegia. It has been reported that risperidone, an antipsychotic drug, effectively protects neuronal cell death from transient ischemia injury in gerbil brains. However, until now, studies on the effec...

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Autores principales: Lee, Tae-Kyeong, Lee, Jae-Chul, Tae, Hyun-Jin, Kim, Hyung-Il, Shin, Myoung Cheol, Ahn, Ji Hyeon, Park, Joon Ha, Kim, Dae Won, Hong, Seongkweon, Choi, Soo Young, Cho, Jun Hwi, Won, Moo-Ho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34679060
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8100230
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author Lee, Tae-Kyeong
Lee, Jae-Chul
Tae, Hyun-Jin
Kim, Hyung-Il
Shin, Myoung Cheol
Ahn, Ji Hyeon
Park, Joon Ha
Kim, Dae Won
Hong, Seongkweon
Choi, Soo Young
Cho, Jun Hwi
Won, Moo-Ho
author_facet Lee, Tae-Kyeong
Lee, Jae-Chul
Tae, Hyun-Jin
Kim, Hyung-Il
Shin, Myoung Cheol
Ahn, Ji Hyeon
Park, Joon Ha
Kim, Dae Won
Hong, Seongkweon
Choi, Soo Young
Cho, Jun Hwi
Won, Moo-Ho
author_sort Lee, Tae-Kyeong
collection PubMed
description Cardiac arrest (CA) causes severe spinal cord injury and evokes spinal cord disorders including paraplegia. It has been reported that risperidone, an antipsychotic drug, effectively protects neuronal cell death from transient ischemia injury in gerbil brains. However, until now, studies on the effects of risperidone on spinal cord injury after asphyxial CA (ACA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are not sufficient. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of risperidone on hind limb motor deficits and neuronal damage/death in the lumbar part of the spinal cord following ACA in rats. Mortality, severe motor deficits in the hind limbs, and the damage/death (loss) of motor neurons located in the anterior horn were observed two days after ACA/CPR. These symptoms were significantly alleviated by risperidone (an atypical antipsychotic) treatment after ACA. In vehicle-treated rats, the immunoreactivities of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), as pro-inflammatory cytokines, were increased, and the immunoreactivities of IL-4 and IL-13, as anti-inflammatory cytokines, were reduced with time after ACA/CPR. In contrast, in risperidone-treated rats, the immunoreactivity of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly decreased, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines were enhanced compared to vehicle-treated rats. In brief, risperidone treatment after ACA/CPR in rats significantly improved the survival rate and attenuated paralysis, the damage/death (loss) of motor neurons, and inflammation in the lumbar anterior horn. Thus, risperidone might be a therapeutic agent for paraplegia by attenuation of the damage/death (loss) of spinal motor neurons and neuroinflammation after ACA/CPR.
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spelling pubmed-85370882021-10-24 Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation Lee, Tae-Kyeong Lee, Jae-Chul Tae, Hyun-Jin Kim, Hyung-Il Shin, Myoung Cheol Ahn, Ji Hyeon Park, Joon Ha Kim, Dae Won Hong, Seongkweon Choi, Soo Young Cho, Jun Hwi Won, Moo-Ho Vet Sci Article Cardiac arrest (CA) causes severe spinal cord injury and evokes spinal cord disorders including paraplegia. It has been reported that risperidone, an antipsychotic drug, effectively protects neuronal cell death from transient ischemia injury in gerbil brains. However, until now, studies on the effects of risperidone on spinal cord injury after asphyxial CA (ACA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are not sufficient. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of risperidone on hind limb motor deficits and neuronal damage/death in the lumbar part of the spinal cord following ACA in rats. Mortality, severe motor deficits in the hind limbs, and the damage/death (loss) of motor neurons located in the anterior horn were observed two days after ACA/CPR. These symptoms were significantly alleviated by risperidone (an atypical antipsychotic) treatment after ACA. In vehicle-treated rats, the immunoreactivities of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), as pro-inflammatory cytokines, were increased, and the immunoreactivities of IL-4 and IL-13, as anti-inflammatory cytokines, were reduced with time after ACA/CPR. In contrast, in risperidone-treated rats, the immunoreactivity of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly decreased, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines were enhanced compared to vehicle-treated rats. In brief, risperidone treatment after ACA/CPR in rats significantly improved the survival rate and attenuated paralysis, the damage/death (loss) of motor neurons, and inflammation in the lumbar anterior horn. Thus, risperidone might be a therapeutic agent for paraplegia by attenuation of the damage/death (loss) of spinal motor neurons and neuroinflammation after ACA/CPR. MDPI 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8537088/ /pubmed/34679060 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8100230 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lee, Tae-Kyeong
Lee, Jae-Chul
Tae, Hyun-Jin
Kim, Hyung-Il
Shin, Myoung Cheol
Ahn, Ji Hyeon
Park, Joon Ha
Kim, Dae Won
Hong, Seongkweon
Choi, Soo Young
Cho, Jun Hwi
Won, Moo-Ho
Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation
title Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation
title_full Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation
title_fullStr Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation
title_short Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation
title_sort therapeutic effects of risperidone against spinal cord injury in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest: a focus on body temperature, paraplegia, motor neuron damage, and neuroinflammation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34679060
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8100230
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