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WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model
Over the years, WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements have been widely implemented for determining the location of a user’s position in an indoor environment, where the GPS signal might not be received. This method utilizes a huge RSSI dataset collected from numerous access poi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206778 |
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author | Babalola, Oluwaseyi Paul Balyan, Vipin |
author_facet | Babalola, Oluwaseyi Paul Balyan, Vipin |
author_sort | Babalola, Oluwaseyi Paul |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over the years, WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements have been widely implemented for determining the location of a user’s position in an indoor environment, where the GPS signal might not be received. This method utilizes a huge RSSI dataset collected from numerous access points (APs). The WiFi RSSI measurements are nonlinear with distance and are largely influenced by interference in the indoor environment. Therefore, machine learning (ML) techniques such as a hidden Markov model (HMM) are generally utilized to efficiently identify a trend of RSSI values, which corresponds to locations around a region of interest. Similar to other ML tools, the performance and computing cost of the HMM are dependent on the feature dimension since a large quantity of RSSI measurements are required for the learning process. Hence, this article introduces a feature extraction method based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for the HMM to effectively model WiFi fingerprint indoor localization. The DMD is adopted since it decomposes RSSIs to meaningful spatial and temporal forms over a given time. Here, the mode forms are analytically reconstructed to produce low-dimensional feature vectors, which are used with the HMM. The localization performance of the proposed HMM-DMD is compared with other well-known ML algorithms for WiFi fingerprinting localization using simulations. The results show that the HMM-DMD algorithm yields a significant localization performance improvement, accuracy, and reasonable processing time in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8537124 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85371242021-10-24 WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model Babalola, Oluwaseyi Paul Balyan, Vipin Sensors (Basel) Article Over the years, WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements have been widely implemented for determining the location of a user’s position in an indoor environment, where the GPS signal might not be received. This method utilizes a huge RSSI dataset collected from numerous access points (APs). The WiFi RSSI measurements are nonlinear with distance and are largely influenced by interference in the indoor environment. Therefore, machine learning (ML) techniques such as a hidden Markov model (HMM) are generally utilized to efficiently identify a trend of RSSI values, which corresponds to locations around a region of interest. Similar to other ML tools, the performance and computing cost of the HMM are dependent on the feature dimension since a large quantity of RSSI measurements are required for the learning process. Hence, this article introduces a feature extraction method based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for the HMM to effectively model WiFi fingerprint indoor localization. The DMD is adopted since it decomposes RSSIs to meaningful spatial and temporal forms over a given time. Here, the mode forms are analytically reconstructed to produce low-dimensional feature vectors, which are used with the HMM. The localization performance of the proposed HMM-DMD is compared with other well-known ML algorithms for WiFi fingerprinting localization using simulations. The results show that the HMM-DMD algorithm yields a significant localization performance improvement, accuracy, and reasonable processing time in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms. MDPI 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8537124/ /pubmed/34695991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206778 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Babalola, Oluwaseyi Paul Balyan, Vipin WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model |
title | WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model |
title_full | WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model |
title_fullStr | WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model |
title_full_unstemmed | WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model |
title_short | WiFi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition Feature Selection with Hidden Markov Model |
title_sort | wifi fingerprinting indoor localization based on dynamic mode decomposition feature selection with hidden markov model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206778 |
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