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Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations

Longitudinal variations of macro- and trace elements in human milk (HM) are not well characterised, and therefore, the recommendations for intake for Australian infants require more evidence to ensure accuracy. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal variation of HM macro- and trace-element concent...

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Autores principales: Bilston-John, Sabrina H., Narayanan, Ardra, Lai, Ching T., Rea, Alethea, Joseph, John, Geddes, Donna T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103548
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author Bilston-John, Sabrina H.
Narayanan, Ardra
Lai, Ching T.
Rea, Alethea
Joseph, John
Geddes, Donna T.
author_facet Bilston-John, Sabrina H.
Narayanan, Ardra
Lai, Ching T.
Rea, Alethea
Joseph, John
Geddes, Donna T.
author_sort Bilston-John, Sabrina H.
collection PubMed
description Longitudinal variations of macro- and trace elements in human milk (HM) are not well characterised, and therefore, the recommendations for intake for Australian infants require more evidence to ensure accuracy. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal variation of HM macro- and trace-element concentrations (1–12 months) and infant intake (1–6 months) and to investigate the relationships between intake and infant growth parameters at 3 and 6 months, and determine if intake was sufficient when compared to national guidelines. HM samples were collected monthly for the first 6 months and then at 9 and 12 months postpartum from mother–infant dyads (n = 83). Test–weighing was used to determine the volume of HM consumed daily. Element concentrations (Na, Ca, K, Mg, P, I, Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Fe) were measured using ICP-MS, and intake was calculated using the measured concentrations and the volume of HM consumed. The average intake of HM was 776.3 ± 24.0 mL for the infants. Changes in concentration from months 1 to 12 postpartum were observed for all the measured micronutrients (all p < 0.05). The calculated intakes of all the macro- and trace elements showed that 0% to 82% of infants met the current adequate recommendations at varying periods of lactation. The calculated macro- and trace-element intakes were below the adequate intake recommendations, suggesting that they are not reflective of healthy infant requirements. These findings suggest the need for larger studies using sensitive analytical techniques and the revision of current recommendations for breastfed infants.
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spelling pubmed-85371272021-10-24 Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations Bilston-John, Sabrina H. Narayanan, Ardra Lai, Ching T. Rea, Alethea Joseph, John Geddes, Donna T. Nutrients Article Longitudinal variations of macro- and trace elements in human milk (HM) are not well characterised, and therefore, the recommendations for intake for Australian infants require more evidence to ensure accuracy. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal variation of HM macro- and trace-element concentrations (1–12 months) and infant intake (1–6 months) and to investigate the relationships between intake and infant growth parameters at 3 and 6 months, and determine if intake was sufficient when compared to national guidelines. HM samples were collected monthly for the first 6 months and then at 9 and 12 months postpartum from mother–infant dyads (n = 83). Test–weighing was used to determine the volume of HM consumed daily. Element concentrations (Na, Ca, K, Mg, P, I, Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Fe) were measured using ICP-MS, and intake was calculated using the measured concentrations and the volume of HM consumed. The average intake of HM was 776.3 ± 24.0 mL for the infants. Changes in concentration from months 1 to 12 postpartum were observed for all the measured micronutrients (all p < 0.05). The calculated intakes of all the macro- and trace elements showed that 0% to 82% of infants met the current adequate recommendations at varying periods of lactation. The calculated macro- and trace-element intakes were below the adequate intake recommendations, suggesting that they are not reflective of healthy infant requirements. These findings suggest the need for larger studies using sensitive analytical techniques and the revision of current recommendations for breastfed infants. MDPI 2021-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8537127/ /pubmed/34684549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103548 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bilston-John, Sabrina H.
Narayanan, Ardra
Lai, Ching T.
Rea, Alethea
Joseph, John
Geddes, Donna T.
Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations
title Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations
title_full Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations
title_fullStr Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations
title_full_unstemmed Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations
title_short Macro- and Trace-Element Intake from Human Milk in Australian Infants: Inadequacy with Respect to National Recommendations
title_sort macro- and trace-element intake from human milk in australian infants: inadequacy with respect to national recommendations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103548
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