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Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments

Protein cages are nanocompartments with a well-defined structure and monodisperse size. They are composed of several individual subunits and can be categorized as viral and non-viral protein cages. Native viral cages often exhibit a cationic interior, which binds the anionic nucleic acid genome thro...

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Autores principales: Liu, Qing, Shaukat, Ahmed, Kyllönen, Daniella, Kostiainen, Mauri A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683843
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101551
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author Liu, Qing
Shaukat, Ahmed
Kyllönen, Daniella
Kostiainen, Mauri A.
author_facet Liu, Qing
Shaukat, Ahmed
Kyllönen, Daniella
Kostiainen, Mauri A.
author_sort Liu, Qing
collection PubMed
description Protein cages are nanocompartments with a well-defined structure and monodisperse size. They are composed of several individual subunits and can be categorized as viral and non-viral protein cages. Native viral cages often exhibit a cationic interior, which binds the anionic nucleic acid genome through electrostatic interactions leading to efficient encapsulation. Non-viral cages can carry various cargo, ranging from small molecules to inorganic nanoparticles. Both cage types can be functionalized at targeted locations through genetic engineering or chemical modification to entrap materials through interactions that are inaccessible to wild-type cages. Moreover, the limited number of constitutional subunits ease the modification efforts, because a single modification on the subunit can lead to multiple functional sites on the cage surface. Increasing efforts have also been dedicated to the assembly of protein cage-mimicking structures or templated protein coatings. This review focuses on native and modified protein cages that have been used to encapsulate and package polyelectrolyte cargos and on the electrostatic interactions that are the driving force for the assembly of such structures. Selective encapsulation can protect the payload from the surroundings, shield the potential toxicity or even enhance the intended performance of the payload, which is appealing in drug or gene delivery and imaging.
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spelling pubmed-85371372021-10-24 Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments Liu, Qing Shaukat, Ahmed Kyllönen, Daniella Kostiainen, Mauri A. Pharmaceutics Review Protein cages are nanocompartments with a well-defined structure and monodisperse size. They are composed of several individual subunits and can be categorized as viral and non-viral protein cages. Native viral cages often exhibit a cationic interior, which binds the anionic nucleic acid genome through electrostatic interactions leading to efficient encapsulation. Non-viral cages can carry various cargo, ranging from small molecules to inorganic nanoparticles. Both cage types can be functionalized at targeted locations through genetic engineering or chemical modification to entrap materials through interactions that are inaccessible to wild-type cages. Moreover, the limited number of constitutional subunits ease the modification efforts, because a single modification on the subunit can lead to multiple functional sites on the cage surface. Increasing efforts have also been dedicated to the assembly of protein cage-mimicking structures or templated protein coatings. This review focuses on native and modified protein cages that have been used to encapsulate and package polyelectrolyte cargos and on the electrostatic interactions that are the driving force for the assembly of such structures. Selective encapsulation can protect the payload from the surroundings, shield the potential toxicity or even enhance the intended performance of the payload, which is appealing in drug or gene delivery and imaging. MDPI 2021-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8537137/ /pubmed/34683843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101551 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Liu, Qing
Shaukat, Ahmed
Kyllönen, Daniella
Kostiainen, Mauri A.
Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments
title Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments
title_full Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments
title_fullStr Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments
title_full_unstemmed Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments
title_short Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments
title_sort polyelectrolyte encapsulation and confinement within protein cage-inspired nanocompartments
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683843
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101551
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