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Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold

In recent years, several publications reported that nanoparticles larger than the kidney filtration threshold were found intact in the urine after being injected into laboratory mice. This theoretically should not be possible, as it is widely known that the kidneys prevent molecules larger than 6–8...

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Autores principales: Adhipandito, Christophorus F., Cheung, Siu-Hung, Lin, Yu-Han, Wu, Si-Han
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011182
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author Adhipandito, Christophorus F.
Cheung, Siu-Hung
Lin, Yu-Han
Wu, Si-Han
author_facet Adhipandito, Christophorus F.
Cheung, Siu-Hung
Lin, Yu-Han
Wu, Si-Han
author_sort Adhipandito, Christophorus F.
collection PubMed
description In recent years, several publications reported that nanoparticles larger than the kidney filtration threshold were found intact in the urine after being injected into laboratory mice. This theoretically should not be possible, as it is widely known that the kidneys prevent molecules larger than 6–8 nm from escaping into the urine. This is interesting because it implies that some nanoparticles can overcome the size limit for renal clearance. What kinds of nanoparticles can “bypass” the glomerular filtration barrier and cross into the urine? What physical and chemical characteristics are essential for nanoparticles to have this ability? And what are the biomolecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved? This review attempts to answer those questions and summarize known reports of renal-clearable large nanoparticles.
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spelling pubmed-85373512021-10-24 Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold Adhipandito, Christophorus F. Cheung, Siu-Hung Lin, Yu-Han Wu, Si-Han Int J Mol Sci Review In recent years, several publications reported that nanoparticles larger than the kidney filtration threshold were found intact in the urine after being injected into laboratory mice. This theoretically should not be possible, as it is widely known that the kidneys prevent molecules larger than 6–8 nm from escaping into the urine. This is interesting because it implies that some nanoparticles can overcome the size limit for renal clearance. What kinds of nanoparticles can “bypass” the glomerular filtration barrier and cross into the urine? What physical and chemical characteristics are essential for nanoparticles to have this ability? And what are the biomolecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved? This review attempts to answer those questions and summarize known reports of renal-clearable large nanoparticles. MDPI 2021-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8537351/ /pubmed/34681853 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011182 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Adhipandito, Christophorus F.
Cheung, Siu-Hung
Lin, Yu-Han
Wu, Si-Han
Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold
title Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold
title_full Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold
title_fullStr Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold
title_full_unstemmed Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold
title_short Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold
title_sort atypical renal clearance of nanoparticles larger than the kidney filtration threshold
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011182
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