Cargando…

Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population

Vitamin D is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and is vital for numerous bodily functions. In the absence of sufficient UV-B light-induced skin biosynthesis, dietary intake becomes the most important source of vitamin D. In the absence of biosynthesis, the recommended dietary vitamin D...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hribar, Maša, Hristov, Hristo, Lavriša, Živa, Koroušić Seljak, Barbara, Gregorič, Matej, Blaznik, Urška, Žmitek, Katja, Pravst, Igor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103528
_version_ 1784588304440623104
author Hribar, Maša
Hristov, Hristo
Lavriša, Živa
Koroušić Seljak, Barbara
Gregorič, Matej
Blaznik, Urška
Žmitek, Katja
Pravst, Igor
author_facet Hribar, Maša
Hristov, Hristo
Lavriša, Živa
Koroušić Seljak, Barbara
Gregorič, Matej
Blaznik, Urška
Žmitek, Katja
Pravst, Igor
author_sort Hribar, Maša
collection PubMed
description Vitamin D is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and is vital for numerous bodily functions. In the absence of sufficient UV-B light-induced skin biosynthesis, dietary intake becomes the most important source of vitamin D. In the absence of biosynthesis, the recommended dietary vitamin D intake is 10–20 µg/day. Major contributors to dietary vitamin D intake are the few foods naturally containing vitamin D (i.e., fish), enriched foods, and supplements. The present study aimed to estimate the vitamin D intake in Slovenia, to identify food groups that notably contribute to vitamin D intake, and to predict the effects of hypothetical mandatory milk fortification. This study was conducted using data collected by the national cross-sectional food consumption survey (SI.Menu) in adolescents (n = 468; 10–17 years), adults (n = 364; 18–64 years), and the elderly (n = 416; 65–74 years). Data collection was carried out between March 2017 and April 2018 using the EU Menu Methodology, which included two 24-h recalls, and a food propensity questionnaire. Very low vitamin D intakes were found; many did not even meet the threshold for very low vitamin D intake (2.5 µg/day). Mean daily vitamin D intake was 2.7, 2.9, and 2.5 µg in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, respectively. Daily energy intake was found to be a significant predictor of vitamin D intake in all population groups. In adolescents and adults, sex was also found to be a significant predictor, with higher vitamin D intake in males. The study results explained the previously reported high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovenia. An efficient policy approach is required to address the risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in vulnerable populations.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8537619
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-85376192021-10-24 Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population Hribar, Maša Hristov, Hristo Lavriša, Živa Koroušić Seljak, Barbara Gregorič, Matej Blaznik, Urška Žmitek, Katja Pravst, Igor Nutrients Article Vitamin D is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and is vital for numerous bodily functions. In the absence of sufficient UV-B light-induced skin biosynthesis, dietary intake becomes the most important source of vitamin D. In the absence of biosynthesis, the recommended dietary vitamin D intake is 10–20 µg/day. Major contributors to dietary vitamin D intake are the few foods naturally containing vitamin D (i.e., fish), enriched foods, and supplements. The present study aimed to estimate the vitamin D intake in Slovenia, to identify food groups that notably contribute to vitamin D intake, and to predict the effects of hypothetical mandatory milk fortification. This study was conducted using data collected by the national cross-sectional food consumption survey (SI.Menu) in adolescents (n = 468; 10–17 years), adults (n = 364; 18–64 years), and the elderly (n = 416; 65–74 years). Data collection was carried out between March 2017 and April 2018 using the EU Menu Methodology, which included two 24-h recalls, and a food propensity questionnaire. Very low vitamin D intakes were found; many did not even meet the threshold for very low vitamin D intake (2.5 µg/day). Mean daily vitamin D intake was 2.7, 2.9, and 2.5 µg in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, respectively. Daily energy intake was found to be a significant predictor of vitamin D intake in all population groups. In adolescents and adults, sex was also found to be a significant predictor, with higher vitamin D intake in males. The study results explained the previously reported high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovenia. An efficient policy approach is required to address the risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in vulnerable populations. MDPI 2021-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8537619/ /pubmed/34684529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103528 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hribar, Maša
Hristov, Hristo
Lavriša, Živa
Koroušić Seljak, Barbara
Gregorič, Matej
Blaznik, Urška
Žmitek, Katja
Pravst, Igor
Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population
title Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population
title_full Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population
title_fullStr Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population
title_short Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population
title_sort vitamin d intake in slovenian adolescents, adults, and the elderly population
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103528
work_keys_str_mv AT hribarmasa vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT hristovhristo vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT lavrisaziva vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT korousicseljakbarbara vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT gregoricmatej vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT blaznikurska vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT zmitekkatja vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation
AT pravstigor vitamindintakeinslovenianadolescentsadultsandtheelderlypopulation