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Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections

In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of plant disease in natural and agricultural ecosystems, it is essential to examine plant disease in multi-pathogen–host systems. Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are vascular wilt pathogens that can result in heavy yield...

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Autores principales: Venkatesh, Nandhitha, Koss, Max J., Greco, Claudio, Nickles, Grant, Wiemann, Philipp, Keller, Nancy P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102123
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author Venkatesh, Nandhitha
Koss, Max J.
Greco, Claudio
Nickles, Grant
Wiemann, Philipp
Keller, Nancy P.
author_facet Venkatesh, Nandhitha
Koss, Max J.
Greco, Claudio
Nickles, Grant
Wiemann, Philipp
Keller, Nancy P.
author_sort Venkatesh, Nandhitha
collection PubMed
description In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of plant disease in natural and agricultural ecosystems, it is essential to examine plant disease in multi-pathogen–host systems. Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are vascular wilt pathogens that can result in heavy yield losses in susceptible hosts such as tomato. Although both pathogens occupy the xylem, the costs of mixed infections on wilt disease are unknown. Here, we characterize the consequences of co-infection with R. solanacearum and F. oxysporum using tomato as the model host. Our results demonstrate that bacterial wilt severity is reduced in co-infections, that bikaverin synthesis by Fusarium contributes to bacterial wilt reduction, and that the arrival time of each microbe at the infection court is important in driving the severity of wilt disease. Further, analysis of the co-infection root secretome identified previously uncharacterized secreted metabolites that reduce R. solanacearum growth in vitro and provide protection to tomato seedlings against bacterial wilt disease. Taken together, these results highlight the need to understand the consequences of mixed infections in plant disease.
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spelling pubmed-85376272021-10-24 Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections Venkatesh, Nandhitha Koss, Max J. Greco, Claudio Nickles, Grant Wiemann, Philipp Keller, Nancy P. Microorganisms Article In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of plant disease in natural and agricultural ecosystems, it is essential to examine plant disease in multi-pathogen–host systems. Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are vascular wilt pathogens that can result in heavy yield losses in susceptible hosts such as tomato. Although both pathogens occupy the xylem, the costs of mixed infections on wilt disease are unknown. Here, we characterize the consequences of co-infection with R. solanacearum and F. oxysporum using tomato as the model host. Our results demonstrate that bacterial wilt severity is reduced in co-infections, that bikaverin synthesis by Fusarium contributes to bacterial wilt reduction, and that the arrival time of each microbe at the infection court is important in driving the severity of wilt disease. Further, analysis of the co-infection root secretome identified previously uncharacterized secreted metabolites that reduce R. solanacearum growth in vitro and provide protection to tomato seedlings against bacterial wilt disease. Taken together, these results highlight the need to understand the consequences of mixed infections in plant disease. MDPI 2021-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8537627/ /pubmed/34683444 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102123 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Venkatesh, Nandhitha
Koss, Max J.
Greco, Claudio
Nickles, Grant
Wiemann, Philipp
Keller, Nancy P.
Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections
title Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections
title_full Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections
title_fullStr Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections
title_full_unstemmed Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections
title_short Secreted Secondary Metabolites Reduce Bacterial Wilt Severity of Tomato in Bacterial–Fungal Co-Infections
title_sort secreted secondary metabolites reduce bacterial wilt severity of tomato in bacterial–fungal co-infections
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102123
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