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The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101104 |
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author | Carrick, Frederick Robert Azzolino, Sergio F. Hunfalvay, Melissa Pagnacco, Guido Oggero, Elena D’Arcy, Ryan C. N. Abdulrahman, Mahera Sugaya, Kiminobu |
author_facet | Carrick, Frederick Robert Azzolino, Sergio F. Hunfalvay, Melissa Pagnacco, Guido Oggero, Elena D’Arcy, Ryan C. N. Abdulrahman, Mahera Sugaya, Kiminobu |
author_sort | Carrick, Frederick Robert |
collection | PubMed |
description | The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury should cause a change in the parameters of the PLR. We performed a retrospective clinical review of the PLR of our patients using the BrightLamp Reflex iPhone app. The PLR variables of latency, maximum pupil diameter (MaxPD), minimum pupil diameter (MinPD), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), and the 75% recovery time (75% PRT) were associated with significant differences between subjects who had suffered a concussion and those that had not. There were also significant differences in PLR metrics over the life span and between genders and those subjects with and without symptoms. The differences in PLR metrics are modulated not only by concussion history but also by gender and whether or not the person has symptoms associated with a head injury. A concussive injury to the brain is associated with changes in the PLR that persist over the life span, representing biomarkers that might be used in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and decision making. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8537991 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85379912021-10-24 The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion Carrick, Frederick Robert Azzolino, Sergio F. Hunfalvay, Melissa Pagnacco, Guido Oggero, Elena D’Arcy, Ryan C. N. Abdulrahman, Mahera Sugaya, Kiminobu Life (Basel) Article The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury should cause a change in the parameters of the PLR. We performed a retrospective clinical review of the PLR of our patients using the BrightLamp Reflex iPhone app. The PLR variables of latency, maximum pupil diameter (MaxPD), minimum pupil diameter (MinPD), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), and the 75% recovery time (75% PRT) were associated with significant differences between subjects who had suffered a concussion and those that had not. There were also significant differences in PLR metrics over the life span and between genders and those subjects with and without symptoms. The differences in PLR metrics are modulated not only by concussion history but also by gender and whether or not the person has symptoms associated with a head injury. A concussive injury to the brain is associated with changes in the PLR that persist over the life span, representing biomarkers that might be used in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and decision making. MDPI 2021-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8537991/ /pubmed/34685475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101104 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Carrick, Frederick Robert Azzolino, Sergio F. Hunfalvay, Melissa Pagnacco, Guido Oggero, Elena D’Arcy, Ryan C. N. Abdulrahman, Mahera Sugaya, Kiminobu The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion |
title | The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion |
title_full | The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion |
title_fullStr | The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion |
title_full_unstemmed | The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion |
title_short | The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion |
title_sort | pupillary light reflex as a biomarker of concussion |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101104 |
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