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The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion

The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury...

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Autores principales: Carrick, Frederick Robert, Azzolino, Sergio F., Hunfalvay, Melissa, Pagnacco, Guido, Oggero, Elena, D’Arcy, Ryan C. N., Abdulrahman, Mahera, Sugaya, Kiminobu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537991/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101104
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author Carrick, Frederick Robert
Azzolino, Sergio F.
Hunfalvay, Melissa
Pagnacco, Guido
Oggero, Elena
D’Arcy, Ryan C. N.
Abdulrahman, Mahera
Sugaya, Kiminobu
author_facet Carrick, Frederick Robert
Azzolino, Sergio F.
Hunfalvay, Melissa
Pagnacco, Guido
Oggero, Elena
D’Arcy, Ryan C. N.
Abdulrahman, Mahera
Sugaya, Kiminobu
author_sort Carrick, Frederick Robert
collection PubMed
description The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury should cause a change in the parameters of the PLR. We performed a retrospective clinical review of the PLR of our patients using the BrightLamp Reflex iPhone app. The PLR variables of latency, maximum pupil diameter (MaxPD), minimum pupil diameter (MinPD), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), and the 75% recovery time (75% PRT) were associated with significant differences between subjects who had suffered a concussion and those that had not. There were also significant differences in PLR metrics over the life span and between genders and those subjects with and without symptoms. The differences in PLR metrics are modulated not only by concussion history but also by gender and whether or not the person has symptoms associated with a head injury. A concussive injury to the brain is associated with changes in the PLR that persist over the life span, representing biomarkers that might be used in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and decision making.
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spelling pubmed-85379912021-10-24 The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion Carrick, Frederick Robert Azzolino, Sergio F. Hunfalvay, Melissa Pagnacco, Guido Oggero, Elena D’Arcy, Ryan C. N. Abdulrahman, Mahera Sugaya, Kiminobu Life (Basel) Article The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury should cause a change in the parameters of the PLR. We performed a retrospective clinical review of the PLR of our patients using the BrightLamp Reflex iPhone app. The PLR variables of latency, maximum pupil diameter (MaxPD), minimum pupil diameter (MinPD), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), and the 75% recovery time (75% PRT) were associated with significant differences between subjects who had suffered a concussion and those that had not. There were also significant differences in PLR metrics over the life span and between genders and those subjects with and without symptoms. The differences in PLR metrics are modulated not only by concussion history but also by gender and whether or not the person has symptoms associated with a head injury. A concussive injury to the brain is associated with changes in the PLR that persist over the life span, representing biomarkers that might be used in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and decision making. MDPI 2021-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8537991/ /pubmed/34685475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101104 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Carrick, Frederick Robert
Azzolino, Sergio F.
Hunfalvay, Melissa
Pagnacco, Guido
Oggero, Elena
D’Arcy, Ryan C. N.
Abdulrahman, Mahera
Sugaya, Kiminobu
The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
title The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
title_full The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
title_fullStr The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
title_full_unstemmed The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
title_short The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion
title_sort pupillary light reflex as a biomarker of concussion
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537991/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101104
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