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Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations
Halloysite is a tubular clay nanomaterial of the kaolin group with a characteristic feature of oppositely charged outer and inner surfaces, allowing its selective spatial modification. The natural origin and specific properties of halloysite make it a potent material for inclusion in biopolymer comp...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538282/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203510 |
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author | Cherednichenko, Kirill Kopitsyn, Dmitry Batasheva, Svetlana Fakhrullin, Rawil |
author_facet | Cherednichenko, Kirill Kopitsyn, Dmitry Batasheva, Svetlana Fakhrullin, Rawil |
author_sort | Cherednichenko, Kirill |
collection | PubMed |
description | Halloysite is a tubular clay nanomaterial of the kaolin group with a characteristic feature of oppositely charged outer and inner surfaces, allowing its selective spatial modification. The natural origin and specific properties of halloysite make it a potent material for inclusion in biopolymer composites with polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The applications of halloysite/biopolymer composites range from drug delivery and tissue engineering to food packaging and the creation of stable enzyme-based catalysts. Another important application field for the halloysite complexes with biopolymers is surface coatings resistant to formation of microbial biofilms (elaborated communities of various microorganisms attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces and embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix). Within biofilms, the microorganisms are protected from the action of antibiotics, engendering the problem of hard-to-treat recurrent infectious diseases. The clay/biopolymer composites can be characterized by a number of methods, including dynamic light scattering, thermo gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as a range of microscopic techniques. However, most of the above methods provide general information about a bulk sample. In contrast, the combination of electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allows assessment of the appearance and composition of biopolymeric coatings on individual nanotubes or the distribution of the nanotubes in biopolymeric matrices. In this review, recent contributions of electron microscopy to the studies of halloysite/biopolymer composites are reviewed along with the challenges and perspectives in the field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8538282 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85382822021-10-24 Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations Cherednichenko, Kirill Kopitsyn, Dmitry Batasheva, Svetlana Fakhrullin, Rawil Polymers (Basel) Review Halloysite is a tubular clay nanomaterial of the kaolin group with a characteristic feature of oppositely charged outer and inner surfaces, allowing its selective spatial modification. The natural origin and specific properties of halloysite make it a potent material for inclusion in biopolymer composites with polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The applications of halloysite/biopolymer composites range from drug delivery and tissue engineering to food packaging and the creation of stable enzyme-based catalysts. Another important application field for the halloysite complexes with biopolymers is surface coatings resistant to formation of microbial biofilms (elaborated communities of various microorganisms attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces and embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix). Within biofilms, the microorganisms are protected from the action of antibiotics, engendering the problem of hard-to-treat recurrent infectious diseases. The clay/biopolymer composites can be characterized by a number of methods, including dynamic light scattering, thermo gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as a range of microscopic techniques. However, most of the above methods provide general information about a bulk sample. In contrast, the combination of electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allows assessment of the appearance and composition of biopolymeric coatings on individual nanotubes or the distribution of the nanotubes in biopolymeric matrices. In this review, recent contributions of electron microscopy to the studies of halloysite/biopolymer composites are reviewed along with the challenges and perspectives in the field. MDPI 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8538282/ /pubmed/34685269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203510 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Cherednichenko, Kirill Kopitsyn, Dmitry Batasheva, Svetlana Fakhrullin, Rawil Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations |
title | Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations |
title_full | Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations |
title_fullStr | Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations |
title_full_unstemmed | Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations |
title_short | Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations |
title_sort | probing antimicrobial halloysite/biopolymer composites with electron microscopy: advantages and limitations |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538282/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34685269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203510 |
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