Specifically Targeted Transport of Plasma Membrane Transporters: From Potential Mechanisms for Regulating Cell Health or Disease to Applications

Normal substrate transport and signal transmission are the premise to ensure the health of biological somatic cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of intercellular substrate transport is of great significance for clinical treatment. In order to better understand the membrane protein through its interaction with receptors, to help maintain a healthy cell and the molecular mechanisms of disease, in this paper, we seek to clarify, first of all, the recognition mechanism for different types of membrane protein receptors; pathogen invasion using the transport pathway involved in the membrane; and the latest specific target sites of various kinds of membrane transport carriers; to provide an explanation and summary of the system. Secondly, the downstream receptor proteins and specific substrates of different membrane transporters were classified systematically; the functional differences of different subclasses and their relationship with intracellular transport disorders were analyzed to further explore the potential relationship between cell transport disorders and diseases. Finally, the paper summarizes the use of membrane transporter-specific targets for drug design and development from the latest research results; it points out the transporter-related results in disease treatment; the application prospects and the direction for drug development and disease treatment providing a new train of thought; also for disease-specific targeted therapy, it provides a certain reference value.