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Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Introduction: Measles is an endemic but largely neglected disease in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. New-borns are protected by maternal antibodies, but antibody waning before measles vaccination at 9 months of age leaves infants susceptible to infection. In this study, the susceptibility window o...

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Autores principales: Khampanisong, Phonepaseuth, Pauly, Maude, Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh, Vickers, Molly A., Virachith, Siriphone, Xaydalasouk, Kinnaly, Black, Antony P., Muller, Claude P., Hübschen, Judith M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101316
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author Khampanisong, Phonepaseuth
Pauly, Maude
Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh
Vickers, Molly A.
Virachith, Siriphone
Xaydalasouk, Kinnaly
Black, Antony P.
Muller, Claude P.
Hübschen, Judith M.
author_facet Khampanisong, Phonepaseuth
Pauly, Maude
Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh
Vickers, Molly A.
Virachith, Siriphone
Xaydalasouk, Kinnaly
Black, Antony P.
Muller, Claude P.
Hübschen, Judith M.
author_sort Khampanisong, Phonepaseuth
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Measles is an endemic but largely neglected disease in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. New-borns are protected by maternal antibodies, but antibody waning before measles vaccination at 9 months of age leaves infants susceptible to infection. In this study, the susceptibility window of infants was determined to generate scientific evidence to assess the national measles immunization strategy. Methods: Between 2015 and 2016, demographic data, medical history, and blood samples were collected from 508 mother-child pairs at the provincial hospital in Vientiane. The samples were screened with a commercial kit detecting anti-measles IgG antibodies. Results: The large majority (95.7%) of the mothers were seropositive for anti-measles IgG and antibody titers of the mothers and infants were highly correlated (p < 0.01). While at birth 97.7% of the infants were seropositive, seropositivity rates decreased to 74.2% two months later to reach only 28.2% four months after birth (p < 0.01). Just before the first dose of the measles-rubella vaccine, scheduled at 9 months of age, was actually given, less than 14% of the infants were seropositive. Conclusion: This alarmingly wide susceptibility gap due to rapid maternal antibody decay leaves infants at risk of measles infection and serious disease complications. A high herd immunity is crucial to protect young infants and can be achieved through improved routine vaccination coverage and (expanded age group) supplementary immunization activities.
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spelling pubmed-85386522021-10-24 Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic Khampanisong, Phonepaseuth Pauly, Maude Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh Vickers, Molly A. Virachith, Siriphone Xaydalasouk, Kinnaly Black, Antony P. Muller, Claude P. Hübschen, Judith M. Pathogens Article Introduction: Measles is an endemic but largely neglected disease in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. New-borns are protected by maternal antibodies, but antibody waning before measles vaccination at 9 months of age leaves infants susceptible to infection. In this study, the susceptibility window of infants was determined to generate scientific evidence to assess the national measles immunization strategy. Methods: Between 2015 and 2016, demographic data, medical history, and blood samples were collected from 508 mother-child pairs at the provincial hospital in Vientiane. The samples were screened with a commercial kit detecting anti-measles IgG antibodies. Results: The large majority (95.7%) of the mothers were seropositive for anti-measles IgG and antibody titers of the mothers and infants were highly correlated (p < 0.01). While at birth 97.7% of the infants were seropositive, seropositivity rates decreased to 74.2% two months later to reach only 28.2% four months after birth (p < 0.01). Just before the first dose of the measles-rubella vaccine, scheduled at 9 months of age, was actually given, less than 14% of the infants were seropositive. Conclusion: This alarmingly wide susceptibility gap due to rapid maternal antibody decay leaves infants at risk of measles infection and serious disease complications. A high herd immunity is crucial to protect young infants and can be achieved through improved routine vaccination coverage and (expanded age group) supplementary immunization activities. MDPI 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8538652/ /pubmed/34684265 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101316 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Khampanisong, Phonepaseuth
Pauly, Maude
Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh
Vickers, Molly A.
Virachith, Siriphone
Xaydalasouk, Kinnaly
Black, Antony P.
Muller, Claude P.
Hübschen, Judith M.
Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
title Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
title_full Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
title_fullStr Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
title_full_unstemmed Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
title_short Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
title_sort waning of maternal antibodies against measles suggests a large window of susceptibility in infants in lao people’s democratic republic
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101316
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