High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Hierarchical Carbon Cloth In Situ Deposited with h-WO(3) Nanobelts as Negative Electrode and Carbon Nanotubes as Positive Electrode

Urchin-like tungsten oxide (WO(3)) microspheres self-assembled with nanobelts are deposited on the surface of the hydrophilic carbon cloth (CC) current collector via hydrothermal reaction. The WO(3) nanobelts in the urchin-like microspheres are in the hexagonal crystalline phase, and their widths are around 30–50 nm. The resulted hierarchical WO(3)/CC electrode exhibits a capacitance of 3400 mF/cm(2) in H(2)SO(4) electrolyte in the voltage window of −0.5~0.2 V, which makes it an excellent negative electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors. To improve the capacitive performance of the positive electrode and make it comparable with that of the WO(3)/CC electrode, both the electrode material and the electrolyte have been carefully designed and prepared. Therefore, the hydrophilic CC is further coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to create a hierarchical CNT/CC electrode via a convenient flame synthesis method, and a redox-active electrolyte containing an Fe(2+)/Fe (3+) couple is introduced into the half-cell system as well. As a result, the high performance of the asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with both the asymmetric electrodes and electrolytes has been realized. It exhibits remarkable energy density as large as 403 μW h/cm(2) at 15 mW/cm(2) and excellent cyclic stability after 10,000 cycles.