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Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population
OBJECTIVE: Although metabolic disorders and smoking are common in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated the effects of smoking on metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We sought to investigate the di...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34153098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab038 |
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author | Li, Zezhi Wang, Shuning Chen, Yuping Wu, Xi Gu, Yinjun Lang, Xiaoe Wu, Fengchun Zhang, Xiang Yang |
author_facet | Li, Zezhi Wang, Shuning Chen, Yuping Wu, Xi Gu, Yinjun Lang, Xiaoe Wu, Fengchun Zhang, Xiang Yang |
author_sort | Li, Zezhi |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Although metabolic disorders and smoking are common in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated the effects of smoking on metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We sought to investigate the differences in metabolic disorders and MetS between smoking and nonsmoking FEDN schizophrenia patients. METHODS: A total of 428 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 435 controls were recruited. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism were measured. The psychopathology was evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: FEDN schizophrenia patients had a higher smoking rate than controls (23.8% vs 14.0%, P < .001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the prevalence of MetS, overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated insulin, and insulin resistance in smoking patients was higher than those in nonsmoking patients, while overweight and hypertension were higher in the smoking controls than in nonsmoking controls (all P < .05). In smoking patients, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS, while in nonsmoking patients, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS. In smoking patients, BMI and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (both P < .05). In nonsmoking patients, sex, BMI, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that smoking schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of MetS and metabolic disorders than nonsmoking patients. Moreover, smoking and nonsmoking patients have different contributing components and associated factors for MetS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8538889 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85388892021-10-25 Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population Li, Zezhi Wang, Shuning Chen, Yuping Wu, Xi Gu, Yinjun Lang, Xiaoe Wu, Fengchun Zhang, Xiang Yang Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Regular Research Articles OBJECTIVE: Although metabolic disorders and smoking are common in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated the effects of smoking on metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We sought to investigate the differences in metabolic disorders and MetS between smoking and nonsmoking FEDN schizophrenia patients. METHODS: A total of 428 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 435 controls were recruited. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism were measured. The psychopathology was evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: FEDN schizophrenia patients had a higher smoking rate than controls (23.8% vs 14.0%, P < .001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the prevalence of MetS, overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated insulin, and insulin resistance in smoking patients was higher than those in nonsmoking patients, while overweight and hypertension were higher in the smoking controls than in nonsmoking controls (all P < .05). In smoking patients, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS, while in nonsmoking patients, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS. In smoking patients, BMI and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (both P < .05). In nonsmoking patients, sex, BMI, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that smoking schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of MetS and metabolic disorders than nonsmoking patients. Moreover, smoking and nonsmoking patients have different contributing components and associated factors for MetS. Oxford University Press 2021-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8538889/ /pubmed/34153098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab038 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Regular Research Articles Li, Zezhi Wang, Shuning Chen, Yuping Wu, Xi Gu, Yinjun Lang, Xiaoe Wu, Fengchun Zhang, Xiang Yang Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population |
title | Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population |
title_full | Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population |
title_fullStr | Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population |
title_full_unstemmed | Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population |
title_short | Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population |
title_sort | smoking affects the patterns of metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia: a large sample study based on the chinese han population |
topic | Regular Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34153098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab038 |
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