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Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere
Wheat production is influenced by changing environmental conditions, including climatic conditions, which results in the changing composition of microorganisms interacting with this cereal. The group of these microorganisms includes not only endophytic fungi associated with the wheat endosphere, bot...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684238 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101288 |
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author | Błaszczyk, Lidia Salamon, Sylwia Mikołajczak, Katarzyna |
author_facet | Błaszczyk, Lidia Salamon, Sylwia Mikołajczak, Katarzyna |
author_sort | Błaszczyk, Lidia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Wheat production is influenced by changing environmental conditions, including climatic conditions, which results in the changing composition of microorganisms interacting with this cereal. The group of these microorganisms includes not only endophytic fungi associated with the wheat endosphere, both pathogenic and symbiotic, but also those with yet unrecognized functions and consequences for wheat. This paper reviews the literature in the context of the general characteristics of endophytic fungi inhabiting the internal tissues of wheat. In addition, the importance of epigenetic regulation in wheat–fungus interactions is recognized and the current state of knowledge is demonstrated. The possibilities of using symbiotic endophytic fungi in modern agronomy and wheat cultivation are also proposed. The fact that the current understanding of fungal endophytes in wheat is based on a rather small set of experimental conditions, including wheat genotypes, plant organs, plant tissues, plant development stage, or environmental conditions, is recognized. In addition, most of the research to date has been based on culture-dependent methods that exclude biotrophic and slow-growing species and favor the detection of fast-growing fungi. Additionally, only a few reports of studies on the entire wheat microbiome using high-throughput sequencing techniques exist. Conducting comprehensive research on the mycobiome of the endosphere of wheat, mainly in the context of the possibility of using this knowledge to improve the methods of wheat management, mainly the productivity and health of this cereal, is needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8539314 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85393142021-10-24 Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere Błaszczyk, Lidia Salamon, Sylwia Mikołajczak, Katarzyna Pathogens Review Wheat production is influenced by changing environmental conditions, including climatic conditions, which results in the changing composition of microorganisms interacting with this cereal. The group of these microorganisms includes not only endophytic fungi associated with the wheat endosphere, both pathogenic and symbiotic, but also those with yet unrecognized functions and consequences for wheat. This paper reviews the literature in the context of the general characteristics of endophytic fungi inhabiting the internal tissues of wheat. In addition, the importance of epigenetic regulation in wheat–fungus interactions is recognized and the current state of knowledge is demonstrated. The possibilities of using symbiotic endophytic fungi in modern agronomy and wheat cultivation are also proposed. The fact that the current understanding of fungal endophytes in wheat is based on a rather small set of experimental conditions, including wheat genotypes, plant organs, plant tissues, plant development stage, or environmental conditions, is recognized. In addition, most of the research to date has been based on culture-dependent methods that exclude biotrophic and slow-growing species and favor the detection of fast-growing fungi. Additionally, only a few reports of studies on the entire wheat microbiome using high-throughput sequencing techniques exist. Conducting comprehensive research on the mycobiome of the endosphere of wheat, mainly in the context of the possibility of using this knowledge to improve the methods of wheat management, mainly the productivity and health of this cereal, is needed. MDPI 2021-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8539314/ /pubmed/34684238 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101288 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Błaszczyk, Lidia Salamon, Sylwia Mikołajczak, Katarzyna Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere |
title | Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere |
title_full | Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere |
title_fullStr | Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere |
title_full_unstemmed | Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere |
title_short | Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere |
title_sort | fungi inhabiting the wheat endosphere |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684238 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101288 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT błaszczyklidia fungiinhabitingthewheatendosphere AT salamonsylwia fungiinhabitingthewheatendosphere AT mikołajczakkatarzyna fungiinhabitingthewheatendosphere |