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Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In recent years, botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs), or their main components, have received much attention as promising tools for Integrated Pest Management, due to their environmental safety and low side effects on non-target organisms. In this study, Carlina acau...

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Autores principales: Rizzo, Roberto, Pistillo, Marco, Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore, Lo Verde, Gabriella, Sinacori, Milko, Maggi, Filippo, Petrelli, Riccardo, Spinozzi, Eleonora, Cappellacci, Loredana, Zeni, Valeria, Canale, Angelo, Benelli, Giovanni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680649
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100880
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author Rizzo, Roberto
Pistillo, Marco
Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore
Lo Verde, Gabriella
Sinacori, Milko
Maggi, Filippo
Petrelli, Riccardo
Spinozzi, Eleonora
Cappellacci, Loredana
Zeni, Valeria
Canale, Angelo
Benelli, Giovanni
author_facet Rizzo, Roberto
Pistillo, Marco
Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore
Lo Verde, Gabriella
Sinacori, Milko
Maggi, Filippo
Petrelli, Riccardo
Spinozzi, Eleonora
Cappellacci, Loredana
Zeni, Valeria
Canale, Angelo
Benelli, Giovanni
author_sort Rizzo, Roberto
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: In recent years, botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs), or their main components, have received much attention as promising tools for Integrated Pest Management, due to their environmental safety and low side effects on non-target organisms. In this study, Carlina acaulis EO and its main component, carlina oxide, recently proven to be effective larvicidal and adulticidal agents against some insect pests, were analyzed for their toxicity, electroantennographic (EAG), and behavioral responses to adult olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae). The C. acaulis EO was more toxic to the tephritid than the carlina oxide, and both were more toxic to the same insect pest than EOs from other plant species tested in previous studies. The EAG responses evoked by the EO were significantly higher than those elicited by the carlina oxide. Carlina oxide did not lead to attraction or repellency responses in B. oleae males and females. Overall, our results highlight the potential employ of C. acaulis-borne products in the development of effective eco-friendly “lure and kill” formulations to be used in tephritid management. ABSTRACT: Among botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs) or their main components, Carlina acaulis EO and the aromatic polyacetylene carlina oxide, constituting more than 90% of its EO, were recently proven to be effective against the larvae and adults of some insect vectors and pests. In this study, the toxicity of C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide were tested on Bactrocera oleae adults using a protein bait formulation. The LC(50) values of the C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide were 706 ppm and 1052 ppm, respectively. Electroantennographic (EAG) tests on B. oleae adults showed that both carlina EO and oxide elicited EAG dose-dependent responses in male and female antennae. The responses to the EO were significantly higher than those to carlina oxide, indicating that other compounds, despite their lower concentrations, can play a relevant role. Moreover, Y-tube assays carried out to assess the potential attractiveness or repellency of carlina oxide LC(90) to B. oleae adults showed that it was unattractive to both males and females of B. oleae, and the time spent by both sexes in either the control or the treatment arm did not differ significantly. Overall, this study points out the potential use of C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide for the development of green and effective “lure-and-kill” tools.
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spelling pubmed-85394512021-10-24 Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights Rizzo, Roberto Pistillo, Marco Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore Lo Verde, Gabriella Sinacori, Milko Maggi, Filippo Petrelli, Riccardo Spinozzi, Eleonora Cappellacci, Loredana Zeni, Valeria Canale, Angelo Benelli, Giovanni Insects Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: In recent years, botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs), or their main components, have received much attention as promising tools for Integrated Pest Management, due to their environmental safety and low side effects on non-target organisms. In this study, Carlina acaulis EO and its main component, carlina oxide, recently proven to be effective larvicidal and adulticidal agents against some insect pests, were analyzed for their toxicity, electroantennographic (EAG), and behavioral responses to adult olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae). The C. acaulis EO was more toxic to the tephritid than the carlina oxide, and both were more toxic to the same insect pest than EOs from other plant species tested in previous studies. The EAG responses evoked by the EO were significantly higher than those elicited by the carlina oxide. Carlina oxide did not lead to attraction or repellency responses in B. oleae males and females. Overall, our results highlight the potential employ of C. acaulis-borne products in the development of effective eco-friendly “lure and kill” formulations to be used in tephritid management. ABSTRACT: Among botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs) or their main components, Carlina acaulis EO and the aromatic polyacetylene carlina oxide, constituting more than 90% of its EO, were recently proven to be effective against the larvae and adults of some insect vectors and pests. In this study, the toxicity of C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide were tested on Bactrocera oleae adults using a protein bait formulation. The LC(50) values of the C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide were 706 ppm and 1052 ppm, respectively. Electroantennographic (EAG) tests on B. oleae adults showed that both carlina EO and oxide elicited EAG dose-dependent responses in male and female antennae. The responses to the EO were significantly higher than those to carlina oxide, indicating that other compounds, despite their lower concentrations, can play a relevant role. Moreover, Y-tube assays carried out to assess the potential attractiveness or repellency of carlina oxide LC(90) to B. oleae adults showed that it was unattractive to both males and females of B. oleae, and the time spent by both sexes in either the control or the treatment arm did not differ significantly. Overall, this study points out the potential use of C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide for the development of green and effective “lure-and-kill” tools. MDPI 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8539451/ /pubmed/34680649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100880 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rizzo, Roberto
Pistillo, Marco
Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore
Lo Verde, Gabriella
Sinacori, Milko
Maggi, Filippo
Petrelli, Riccardo
Spinozzi, Eleonora
Cappellacci, Loredana
Zeni, Valeria
Canale, Angelo
Benelli, Giovanni
Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights
title Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights
title_full Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights
title_fullStr Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights
title_full_unstemmed Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights
title_short Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights
title_sort bioactivity of carlina acaulis essential oil and its main component towards the olive fruit fly, bactrocera oleae: ingestion toxicity, electrophysiological and behavioral insights
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680649
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100880
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