Cargando…
The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
The use of nutritional interventions for managing diabetes is one of the effective strategies aimed at reducing the global prevalence of the condition, which is on the rise. Almonds are the most consumed tree nut and they are known to be rich sources of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, essentia...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103377 |
_version_ | 1784588758381756416 |
---|---|
author | Ojo, Omorogieva Wang, Xiao-Hua Ojo, Osarhumwese Osaretin Adegboye, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim |
author_facet | Ojo, Omorogieva Wang, Xiao-Hua Ojo, Osarhumwese Osaretin Adegboye, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim |
author_sort | Ojo, Omorogieva |
collection | PubMed |
description | The use of nutritional interventions for managing diabetes is one of the effective strategies aimed at reducing the global prevalence of the condition, which is on the rise. Almonds are the most consumed tree nut and they are known to be rich sources of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, essential minerals, and dietary fibre. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of almonds on gut microbiota, glycometabolism, and inflammatory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). EBSCOhost, which encompasses the Health Sciences Research Databases; Google Scholar; EMBASE; and the reference lists of articles were searched based on population, intervention, control, outcome, and study (PICOS) framework. Searches were carried out from database inception until 1 August 2021 based on medical subject headings (MesH) and synonyms. The meta-analysis was carried out with the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 software. Results: Nine randomised studies were included in the systematic review and eight were used for the meta-analysis. The results would suggest that almond-based diets have significant effects in promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota. Furthermore, the meta-analysis showed that almond-based diets were effective in significantly lowering (p < 0.05) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it was also found that the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR), and fasting insulin. The biological mechanisms responsible for the outcomes observed in this review in relation to reduction in HbA1c and BMI may be based on the nutrient composition of almonds and the biological effects, including the high fibre content and the low glycaemic index profile. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have shown that almond-based diets may be effective in promoting short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and lowering glycated haemoglobin and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with control. However, the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) with respect to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and TNF-α), GLP-1, HOMA–IR, and fasting insulin. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8539485 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85394852021-10-24 The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Ojo, Omorogieva Wang, Xiao-Hua Ojo, Osarhumwese Osaretin Adegboye, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Nutrients Review The use of nutritional interventions for managing diabetes is one of the effective strategies aimed at reducing the global prevalence of the condition, which is on the rise. Almonds are the most consumed tree nut and they are known to be rich sources of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, essential minerals, and dietary fibre. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of almonds on gut microbiota, glycometabolism, and inflammatory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). EBSCOhost, which encompasses the Health Sciences Research Databases; Google Scholar; EMBASE; and the reference lists of articles were searched based on population, intervention, control, outcome, and study (PICOS) framework. Searches were carried out from database inception until 1 August 2021 based on medical subject headings (MesH) and synonyms. The meta-analysis was carried out with the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 software. Results: Nine randomised studies were included in the systematic review and eight were used for the meta-analysis. The results would suggest that almond-based diets have significant effects in promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota. Furthermore, the meta-analysis showed that almond-based diets were effective in significantly lowering (p < 0.05) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it was also found that the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR), and fasting insulin. The biological mechanisms responsible for the outcomes observed in this review in relation to reduction in HbA1c and BMI may be based on the nutrient composition of almonds and the biological effects, including the high fibre content and the low glycaemic index profile. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have shown that almond-based diets may be effective in promoting short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and lowering glycated haemoglobin and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with control. However, the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) with respect to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and TNF-α), GLP-1, HOMA–IR, and fasting insulin. MDPI 2021-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8539485/ /pubmed/34684378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103377 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ojo, Omorogieva Wang, Xiao-Hua Ojo, Osarhumwese Osaretin Adegboye, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials |
title | The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials |
title_full | The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials |
title_short | The Effects of Almonds on Gut Microbiota, Glycometabolism, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials |
title_sort | effects of almonds on gut microbiota, glycometabolism, and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103377 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ojoomorogieva theeffectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT wangxiaohua theeffectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT ojoosarhumweseosaretin theeffectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT adegboyeamandarodriguesamorim theeffectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT ojoomorogieva effectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT wangxiaohua effectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT ojoosarhumweseosaretin effectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials AT adegboyeamandarodriguesamorim effectsofalmondsongutmicrobiotaglycometabolismandinflammatorymarkersinpatientswithtype2diabetesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials |