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Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products
Nanomaterials are now being used in a wide variety of biomedical applications. Medical and health-related issues, however, have raised major concerns, in view of the potential risks of these materials against tissue, cells, and/or organs and these are still poorly understood. These particles are abl...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539492/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101615 |
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author | Domb, Abraham J. Sharifzadeh, Ghorbanali Nahum, Victoria Hosseinkhani, Hossein |
author_facet | Domb, Abraham J. Sharifzadeh, Ghorbanali Nahum, Victoria Hosseinkhani, Hossein |
author_sort | Domb, Abraham J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nanomaterials are now being used in a wide variety of biomedical applications. Medical and health-related issues, however, have raised major concerns, in view of the potential risks of these materials against tissue, cells, and/or organs and these are still poorly understood. These particles are able to interact with the body in countless ways, and they can cause unexpected and hazardous toxicities, especially at cellular levels. Therefore, undertaking in vitro and in vivo experiments is vital to establish their toxicity with natural tissues. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of nanotoxicity and provide an overview on in vitro characterizations and cytotoxicity assays, as well as in vivo studies that emphasize blood circulation and the in vivo fate of nanomaterials. Our focus is on understanding the role that the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials play in determining their toxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8539492 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85394922021-10-24 Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products Domb, Abraham J. Sharifzadeh, Ghorbanali Nahum, Victoria Hosseinkhani, Hossein Pharmaceutics Review Nanomaterials are now being used in a wide variety of biomedical applications. Medical and health-related issues, however, have raised major concerns, in view of the potential risks of these materials against tissue, cells, and/or organs and these are still poorly understood. These particles are able to interact with the body in countless ways, and they can cause unexpected and hazardous toxicities, especially at cellular levels. Therefore, undertaking in vitro and in vivo experiments is vital to establish their toxicity with natural tissues. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of nanotoxicity and provide an overview on in vitro characterizations and cytotoxicity assays, as well as in vivo studies that emphasize blood circulation and the in vivo fate of nanomaterials. Our focus is on understanding the role that the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials play in determining their toxicity. MDPI 2021-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8539492/ /pubmed/34683908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101615 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Domb, Abraham J. Sharifzadeh, Ghorbanali Nahum, Victoria Hosseinkhani, Hossein Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products |
title | Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products |
title_full | Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products |
title_fullStr | Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products |
title_full_unstemmed | Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products |
title_short | Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products |
title_sort | safety evaluation of nanotechnology products |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539492/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101615 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dombabrahamj safetyevaluationofnanotechnologyproducts AT sharifzadehghorbanali safetyevaluationofnanotechnologyproducts AT nahumvictoria safetyevaluationofnanotechnologyproducts AT hosseinkhanihossein safetyevaluationofnanotechnologyproducts |