Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Encapsulated MoS(2)/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrode for High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been increasingly studied due to sodium (Na) being an inexpensive ionic resource (Na) and their battery chemistry being similar to that of current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, SIBs have faced substantial challenges in developing high-performance anode materials that can reversibly store Na(+) in the host structure. To address these challenges, molybdenum sulfide (MoS(2))-based active materials have been considered as promising anodes, owing to the two-dimensional layered structure of MoS(2) for stably (de)inserting Na(+). Nevertheless, intrinsic issues of MoS(2)—such as low electronic conductivity and the loss of active S elements after a conversion reaction—have limited the viability of MoS(2) in practical SIBs. Here, we report MoS(2) embedded in carbon nanofibers encapsulated with a reduced graphene oxide (MoS(2)@CNFs@rGO) composite for SIB anodes. The MoS(2)@CNFs@rGO delivered a high capacity of 345.8 mAh g(−1) at a current density of 100 mA g(−1) for 90 cycles. The CNFs and rGO were synergistically taken into account for providing rapid pathways for electrons and preventing the dissolution of S sources during repetitive conversion reactions. This work offers a new point of view to realize MoS(2)-based anode materials in practical SIBs.