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Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics
Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials are extensively used to reconstruct bone defects. They resemble a chemical similarity to the inorganic mineral present in bones. Thus, they are termed as the key players in bone regeneration. Sintering is a heat treatment process applied to CaP powder compact or...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540310/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206133 |
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author | Indurkar, Abhishek Choudhary, Rajan Rubenis, Kristaps Locs, Janis |
author_facet | Indurkar, Abhishek Choudhary, Rajan Rubenis, Kristaps Locs, Janis |
author_sort | Indurkar, Abhishek |
collection | PubMed |
description | Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials are extensively used to reconstruct bone defects. They resemble a chemical similarity to the inorganic mineral present in bones. Thus, they are termed as the key players in bone regeneration. Sintering is a heat treatment process applied to CaP powder compact or fabricated porous material to impart strength and integrity. Conventional sintering is the simplest sintering technique, but the processing of CaPs at a high temperature for a long time usually leads to the formation of secondary phases due to their thermal instability. Furthermore, it results in excessive grain growth that obstructs the densification process, limiting the application of CaP’s ceramics in bone regeneration. This review focuses on advanced sintering techniques used for the densification of CaPs. These techniques utilize the synergy of temperature with one or more parameters such as external pressure, electromagnetic radiation, electric current, or the incorporation of transient liquid that boosts the mass transfer while lowering the sintering temperature and time. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8540310 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85403102021-10-24 Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics Indurkar, Abhishek Choudhary, Rajan Rubenis, Kristaps Locs, Janis Materials (Basel) Review Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials are extensively used to reconstruct bone defects. They resemble a chemical similarity to the inorganic mineral present in bones. Thus, they are termed as the key players in bone regeneration. Sintering is a heat treatment process applied to CaP powder compact or fabricated porous material to impart strength and integrity. Conventional sintering is the simplest sintering technique, but the processing of CaPs at a high temperature for a long time usually leads to the formation of secondary phases due to their thermal instability. Furthermore, it results in excessive grain growth that obstructs the densification process, limiting the application of CaP’s ceramics in bone regeneration. This review focuses on advanced sintering techniques used for the densification of CaPs. These techniques utilize the synergy of temperature with one or more parameters such as external pressure, electromagnetic radiation, electric current, or the incorporation of transient liquid that boosts the mass transfer while lowering the sintering temperature and time. MDPI 2021-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8540310/ /pubmed/34683723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206133 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Indurkar, Abhishek Choudhary, Rajan Rubenis, Kristaps Locs, Janis Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
title | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
title_full | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
title_fullStr | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
title_short | Advances in Sintering Techniques for Calcium Phosphates Ceramics |
title_sort | advances in sintering techniques for calcium phosphates ceramics |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540310/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206133 |
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