Cargando…
Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health
Due to the sparsity in knowledge, we investigated the presence of various estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), including phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol-A (BPA), and nonylphenol (NP), as well as microplastics (MPs) in samples of the most widely consumed fish collected from different estua...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34678942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100246 |
_version_ | 1784589045966307328 |
---|---|
author | Lu, I-Cheng Chao, How-Ran Mansor, Wan-Nurdiyana-Wan Peng, Chun-Wei Hsu, Yi-Chyun Yu, Tai-Yi Chang, Wei-Hsiang Fu, Lung-Ming |
author_facet | Lu, I-Cheng Chao, How-Ran Mansor, Wan-Nurdiyana-Wan Peng, Chun-Wei Hsu, Yi-Chyun Yu, Tai-Yi Chang, Wei-Hsiang Fu, Lung-Ming |
author_sort | Lu, I-Cheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to the sparsity in knowledge, we investigated the presence of various estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), including phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol-A (BPA), and nonylphenol (NP), as well as microplastics (MPs) in samples of the most widely consumed fish collected from different estuaries in northern Taiwan. We then proceeded to determine the likely contribution that this exposure has on the potential for health impacts in humans following consumption of the fish. Six hundred fish caught from five river estuaries (producing 130 pooled samples) were analyzed to determine how different factors (such as the river, benthic, pelagic, and migratory species) influence EEDCs’ contamination and the possible impacts on human health following typical consumption patterns. The predominant EEDCs was diethyl phthalates (DEP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP), and di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) in fish, present at 52.9 ± 77.3, 45.3 ± 79.8, and 42.5 ± 79.3 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), respectively. Residual levels of NP, BPA, and MPs in the fish were 17.4 ± 29.1 and 1.50 ± 2.20 ng/g d.w. and 0.185 ± 0.338 mg/g d.w., respectively. EEDCs and MPs levels varied widely among the five river estuaries sampled due, in part, to differences in habitat types and the associated diversity of fish species sampled. For DEP, the Lao-Jie River and pelagic environments produced the most severely contaminated fish species, respectively. DEP residues were also associated with the burden of MPs in the fish. Based on our analysis, we predict no substantial direct human health risk by EEDCs based on typical consumption rates of estuarine fish by the Taiwanese people. However, other sources of EEDC exposure cannot be ignored. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8540681 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85406812021-10-24 Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health Lu, I-Cheng Chao, How-Ran Mansor, Wan-Nurdiyana-Wan Peng, Chun-Wei Hsu, Yi-Chyun Yu, Tai-Yi Chang, Wei-Hsiang Fu, Lung-Ming Toxics Article Due to the sparsity in knowledge, we investigated the presence of various estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), including phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol-A (BPA), and nonylphenol (NP), as well as microplastics (MPs) in samples of the most widely consumed fish collected from different estuaries in northern Taiwan. We then proceeded to determine the likely contribution that this exposure has on the potential for health impacts in humans following consumption of the fish. Six hundred fish caught from five river estuaries (producing 130 pooled samples) were analyzed to determine how different factors (such as the river, benthic, pelagic, and migratory species) influence EEDCs’ contamination and the possible impacts on human health following typical consumption patterns. The predominant EEDCs was diethyl phthalates (DEP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP), and di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) in fish, present at 52.9 ± 77.3, 45.3 ± 79.8, and 42.5 ± 79.3 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), respectively. Residual levels of NP, BPA, and MPs in the fish were 17.4 ± 29.1 and 1.50 ± 2.20 ng/g d.w. and 0.185 ± 0.338 mg/g d.w., respectively. EEDCs and MPs levels varied widely among the five river estuaries sampled due, in part, to differences in habitat types and the associated diversity of fish species sampled. For DEP, the Lao-Jie River and pelagic environments produced the most severely contaminated fish species, respectively. DEP residues were also associated with the burden of MPs in the fish. Based on our analysis, we predict no substantial direct human health risk by EEDCs based on typical consumption rates of estuarine fish by the Taiwanese people. However, other sources of EEDC exposure cannot be ignored. MDPI 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8540681/ /pubmed/34678942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100246 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lu, I-Cheng Chao, How-Ran Mansor, Wan-Nurdiyana-Wan Peng, Chun-Wei Hsu, Yi-Chyun Yu, Tai-Yi Chang, Wei-Hsiang Fu, Lung-Ming Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health |
title | Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health |
title_full | Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health |
title_fullStr | Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health |
title_full_unstemmed | Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health |
title_short | Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health |
title_sort | levels of phthalates, bisphenol-a, nonylphenol, and microplastics in fish in the estuaries of northern taiwan and the impact on human health |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34678942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100246 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT luicheng levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT chaohowran levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT mansorwannurdiyanawan levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT pengchunwei levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT hsuyichyun levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT yutaiyi levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT changweihsiang levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth AT fulungming levelsofphthalatesbisphenolanonylphenolandmicroplasticsinfishintheestuariesofnortherntaiwanandtheimpactonhumanhealth |