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Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey
Background and Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD), particular among elite footballers, has attracted much attention in recent times. However, limited information exists on football-related SCD in Turkey. Autopsy-based studies of sports-related sudden deaths in Turkey are rare and often have smal...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540717/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101105 |
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author | Işın, Ali Turgut, Adnan Peden, Amy E. |
author_facet | Işın, Ali Turgut, Adnan Peden, Amy E. |
author_sort | Işın, Ali |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD), particular among elite footballers, has attracted much attention in recent times. However, limited information exists on football-related SCD in Turkey. Autopsy-based studies of sports-related sudden deaths in Turkey are rare and often have small sample sizes. To address this, this study aimed to determine the population-based incidence and profile of football-related SCD nationally in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Due to a lack of national data on this issue, football-related SCD (non-elite competitive or recreational football) between 1 January 2011, and 31 December 2019 were identified by dual, independent identification and screening of online media reports. Deaths were explored by sex, age group, season, and phase of exercise. Descriptive statistics were utilised. Age-specific mortality rates and proportional mortality rates were calculated. Results: In total, 118 football-related SCD were identified, a crude mortality rate of 0.41 per 100,000 population. All fatalities were males and the mean age was 35.5 years ± 10.4. Those aged 40–49 years recorded the highest mortality rate (0.67/100,000), three times the risk of those aged 50–59 years (RR = 3.1; 95%CI:1.5–6.4). Those aged 30–39 recorded the highest age-specific proportional mortality rate (0.86/1000 deaths). The highest risk occurred while playing football (n = 97; 82.2%), with another 15% of deaths (n = 18) occurring within 1 h of play. Almost all fatalities (n = 113; 95.8%) occurred during participation in recreational football. Conclusions: This study has identified football-related SCD most commonly occurs during recreational football among males aged 30–49 years. It is recommended males of this age participating in recreational football be encouraged to seek pre-participation heart health checks. Given the value of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, future research should explore the feasibility and effectiveness of AEDs in preventing football-related SCD in Turkey including training of first responders in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8540717 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85407172021-10-24 Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey Işın, Ali Turgut, Adnan Peden, Amy E. Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD), particular among elite footballers, has attracted much attention in recent times. However, limited information exists on football-related SCD in Turkey. Autopsy-based studies of sports-related sudden deaths in Turkey are rare and often have small sample sizes. To address this, this study aimed to determine the population-based incidence and profile of football-related SCD nationally in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Due to a lack of national data on this issue, football-related SCD (non-elite competitive or recreational football) between 1 January 2011, and 31 December 2019 were identified by dual, independent identification and screening of online media reports. Deaths were explored by sex, age group, season, and phase of exercise. Descriptive statistics were utilised. Age-specific mortality rates and proportional mortality rates were calculated. Results: In total, 118 football-related SCD were identified, a crude mortality rate of 0.41 per 100,000 population. All fatalities were males and the mean age was 35.5 years ± 10.4. Those aged 40–49 years recorded the highest mortality rate (0.67/100,000), three times the risk of those aged 50–59 years (RR = 3.1; 95%CI:1.5–6.4). Those aged 30–39 recorded the highest age-specific proportional mortality rate (0.86/1000 deaths). The highest risk occurred while playing football (n = 97; 82.2%), with another 15% of deaths (n = 18) occurring within 1 h of play. Almost all fatalities (n = 113; 95.8%) occurred during participation in recreational football. Conclusions: This study has identified football-related SCD most commonly occurs during recreational football among males aged 30–49 years. It is recommended males of this age participating in recreational football be encouraged to seek pre-participation heart health checks. Given the value of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, future research should explore the feasibility and effectiveness of AEDs in preventing football-related SCD in Turkey including training of first responders in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use. MDPI 2021-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8540717/ /pubmed/34684142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101105 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Işın, Ali Turgut, Adnan Peden, Amy E. Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey |
title | Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey |
title_full | Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey |
title_fullStr | Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey |
title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey |
title_short | Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey |
title_sort | epidemiology of football-related sudden cardiac death in turkey |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540717/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101105 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT isınali epidemiologyoffootballrelatedsuddencardiacdeathinturkey AT turgutadnan epidemiologyoffootballrelatedsuddencardiacdeathinturkey AT pedenamye epidemiologyoffootballrelatedsuddencardiacdeathinturkey |