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Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure

In this paper, we propose a polarization-independent optoelectronic modulator based on the electrical absorption effect of graphene. Firstly, we use the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to design the structure, and find via changing the applied voltage on both ends of the graphene that the eq...

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Autores principales: Guo, Shiliang, Li, Xin, Guo, Zechen, Zhao, Xingtao, Meng, Shuhan, Li, Zhiquan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684998
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102559
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author Guo, Shiliang
Li, Xin
Guo, Zechen
Zhao, Xingtao
Meng, Shuhan
Li, Zhiquan
author_facet Guo, Shiliang
Li, Xin
Guo, Zechen
Zhao, Xingtao
Meng, Shuhan
Li, Zhiquan
author_sort Guo, Shiliang
collection PubMed
description In this paper, we propose a polarization-independent optoelectronic modulator based on the electrical absorption effect of graphene. Firstly, we use the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to design the structure, and find via changing the applied voltage on both ends of the graphene that the equivalent refractive index of graphene can be changed, thus changing the light absorption capacity of the modulator. The waveguides in the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes have almost the same extinction coefficient by making a double-layer graphene ridge structure in the center of the silicon-based waveguide, which can achieve approaching modulation depth in the TM and TE modes. At 1550 nm wavelength, the two-dimensional cross-section of the structure is analyzed by the FEM method using COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the effective refractive index of the structure. The simulation results show that when the distance between the double-layer graphene isolation layer is d = 20 nm, the TE and TM modes can achieve extinction ratios up to 110 dB over the wide communication band by selecting appropriate “ON” and “OFF” switching points. The bandwidth is 173.78 GHz and the insertion loss is only 0.0338 dB.
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spelling pubmed-85407502021-10-24 Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure Guo, Shiliang Li, Xin Guo, Zechen Zhao, Xingtao Meng, Shuhan Li, Zhiquan Nanomaterials (Basel) Article In this paper, we propose a polarization-independent optoelectronic modulator based on the electrical absorption effect of graphene. Firstly, we use the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to design the structure, and find via changing the applied voltage on both ends of the graphene that the equivalent refractive index of graphene can be changed, thus changing the light absorption capacity of the modulator. The waveguides in the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes have almost the same extinction coefficient by making a double-layer graphene ridge structure in the center of the silicon-based waveguide, which can achieve approaching modulation depth in the TM and TE modes. At 1550 nm wavelength, the two-dimensional cross-section of the structure is analyzed by the FEM method using COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the effective refractive index of the structure. The simulation results show that when the distance between the double-layer graphene isolation layer is d = 20 nm, the TE and TM modes can achieve extinction ratios up to 110 dB over the wide communication band by selecting appropriate “ON” and “OFF” switching points. The bandwidth is 173.78 GHz and the insertion loss is only 0.0338 dB. MDPI 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8540750/ /pubmed/34684998 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102559 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Guo, Shiliang
Li, Xin
Guo, Zechen
Zhao, Xingtao
Meng, Shuhan
Li, Zhiquan
Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure
title Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure
title_full Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure
title_fullStr Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure
title_full_unstemmed Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure
title_short Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure
title_sort polarization-independent optoelectronic modulator based on graphene ridge structure
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34684998
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102559
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AT guozechen polarizationindependentoptoelectronicmodulatorbasedongrapheneridgestructure
AT zhaoxingtao polarizationindependentoptoelectronicmodulatorbasedongrapheneridgestructure
AT mengshuhan polarizationindependentoptoelectronicmodulatorbasedongrapheneridgestructure
AT lizhiquan polarizationindependentoptoelectronicmodulatorbasedongrapheneridgestructure