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Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps

Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. Two of the species used as probioti...

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Autores principales: Romo-Barrera, Carol M., Castrillón-Rivera, Laura E., Palma-Ramos, Alejandro, Castañeda-Sánchez, Jorge I., Luna-Herrera, Julieta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540962/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683348
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102027
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author Romo-Barrera, Carol M.
Castrillón-Rivera, Laura E.
Palma-Ramos, Alejandro
Castañeda-Sánchez, Jorge I.
Luna-Herrera, Julieta
author_facet Romo-Barrera, Carol M.
Castrillón-Rivera, Laura E.
Palma-Ramos, Alejandro
Castañeda-Sánchez, Jorge I.
Luna-Herrera, Julieta
author_sort Romo-Barrera, Carol M.
collection PubMed
description Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. Two of the species used as probiotics are B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. Macrophages are central cells in the immune response, being fundamental in the elimination of microbial pathogens, for which they use various mechanisms, including the formation of extracellular traps (METs). There have been very few studies carried out on the participation of macrophages in response to the interaction of probiotics of the genus Bacillus with the host. In this work, we used macrophages from the J774A mouse cell line.1, and we found that they are susceptible to infection by the two Bacillus species. However, both species were eliminated as the infection progressed. Using confocal microscopy, we identified the formation of METs from the first hours of infection, which were characterized by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone (Hit3Cit). Quantitative data on extracellular DNA release were also obtained; release was observed starting in the first hour of infection. The induction of METs by B. licheniformis caused a significant decrease in the colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus. The induction of METS by bacteria of the Bacillus genus is a mechanism that participates in controlling the probiotic and potentially pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus. The induction of METs to control pathogens may be a novel mechanism that could explain the beneficial effects of probiotics of the genus Bacillus.
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spelling pubmed-85409622021-10-24 Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps Romo-Barrera, Carol M. Castrillón-Rivera, Laura E. Palma-Ramos, Alejandro Castañeda-Sánchez, Jorge I. Luna-Herrera, Julieta Microorganisms Article Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. Two of the species used as probiotics are B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. Macrophages are central cells in the immune response, being fundamental in the elimination of microbial pathogens, for which they use various mechanisms, including the formation of extracellular traps (METs). There have been very few studies carried out on the participation of macrophages in response to the interaction of probiotics of the genus Bacillus with the host. In this work, we used macrophages from the J774A mouse cell line.1, and we found that they are susceptible to infection by the two Bacillus species. However, both species were eliminated as the infection progressed. Using confocal microscopy, we identified the formation of METs from the first hours of infection, which were characterized by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone (Hit3Cit). Quantitative data on extracellular DNA release were also obtained; release was observed starting in the first hour of infection. The induction of METs by B. licheniformis caused a significant decrease in the colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus. The induction of METS by bacteria of the Bacillus genus is a mechanism that participates in controlling the probiotic and potentially pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus. The induction of METs to control pathogens may be a novel mechanism that could explain the beneficial effects of probiotics of the genus Bacillus. MDPI 2021-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8540962/ /pubmed/34683348 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102027 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Romo-Barrera, Carol M.
Castrillón-Rivera, Laura E.
Palma-Ramos, Alejandro
Castañeda-Sánchez, Jorge I.
Luna-Herrera, Julieta
Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps
title Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps
title_full Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps
title_fullStr Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps
title_full_unstemmed Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps
title_short Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps
title_sort bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, probiotics that induce the formation of macrophage extracellular traps
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540962/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34683348
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102027
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