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Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity

Innate and adaptive immune responses have a well-known link and represent the distinctive origins of several diseases, many of which may be the consequence of the loss of balance between these two responses. Indeed, autoinflammation and autoimmunity represent the two extremes of a continuous spectru...

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Autores principales: Marcuzzi, Annalisa, Melloni, Elisabetta, Zauli, Giorgio, Romani, Arianna, Secchiero, Paola, Maximova, Natalia, Rimondi, Erika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011241
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author Marcuzzi, Annalisa
Melloni, Elisabetta
Zauli, Giorgio
Romani, Arianna
Secchiero, Paola
Maximova, Natalia
Rimondi, Erika
author_facet Marcuzzi, Annalisa
Melloni, Elisabetta
Zauli, Giorgio
Romani, Arianna
Secchiero, Paola
Maximova, Natalia
Rimondi, Erika
author_sort Marcuzzi, Annalisa
collection PubMed
description Innate and adaptive immune responses have a well-known link and represent the distinctive origins of several diseases, many of which may be the consequence of the loss of balance between these two responses. Indeed, autoinflammation and autoimmunity represent the two extremes of a continuous spectrum of pathologic conditions with numerous overlaps in different pathologies. A common characteristic of these dysregulations is represented by hyperinflammation, which is an exaggerated response of the immune system, especially involving white blood cells, macrophages, and inflammasome activation with the hyperproduction of cytokines in response to various triggering stimuli. Moreover, hyperinflammation is of great interest, as it is one of the main manifestations of COVID-19 infection, and the cytokine storm and its most important components are the targets of the pharmacological treatments used to combat COVID-19 damage. In this context, the purpose of our review is to provide a focus on the pathogenesis of autoinflammation and, in particular, of hyperinflammation in order to generate insights for the identification of new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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spelling pubmed-85410372021-10-24 Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity Marcuzzi, Annalisa Melloni, Elisabetta Zauli, Giorgio Romani, Arianna Secchiero, Paola Maximova, Natalia Rimondi, Erika Int J Mol Sci Review Innate and adaptive immune responses have a well-known link and represent the distinctive origins of several diseases, many of which may be the consequence of the loss of balance between these two responses. Indeed, autoinflammation and autoimmunity represent the two extremes of a continuous spectrum of pathologic conditions with numerous overlaps in different pathologies. A common characteristic of these dysregulations is represented by hyperinflammation, which is an exaggerated response of the immune system, especially involving white blood cells, macrophages, and inflammasome activation with the hyperproduction of cytokines in response to various triggering stimuli. Moreover, hyperinflammation is of great interest, as it is one of the main manifestations of COVID-19 infection, and the cytokine storm and its most important components are the targets of the pharmacological treatments used to combat COVID-19 damage. In this context, the purpose of our review is to provide a focus on the pathogenesis of autoinflammation and, in particular, of hyperinflammation in order to generate insights for the identification of new therapeutic targets and strategies. MDPI 2021-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8541037/ /pubmed/34681901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011241 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Marcuzzi, Annalisa
Melloni, Elisabetta
Zauli, Giorgio
Romani, Arianna
Secchiero, Paola
Maximova, Natalia
Rimondi, Erika
Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
title Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
title_full Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
title_fullStr Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
title_short Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
title_sort autoinflammatory diseases and cytokine storms—imbalances of innate and adaptative immunity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011241
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