Vitamin D mitigates adult onset diseases in male and female mice induced by early-life exposure to endocrine disruptor BPA

BACKGROUND: During early development, environmental compounds can induce adult onset diseases and disrupt the circulating vitamin D (VitD) levels. AIM: This study aimed to examine the protective role of VitD against the adverse effects of BPA on male and female mice. METHODS: A total of 60 male and female Swiss Albino mice (3 weeks old) were randomly divided into 5 groups; each consisted of 12 mice (6 males and 6 females) and was treated as follows: Group I received no treatment (sham control); Group II, sterile corn oil only (vehicle control); Group III, BPA (400 μg/kg); Group IV, VitD (2,195 IU/kg); and Group V, BPA + VitD. At 10.5 weeks, the animals were sacrificed to conduct histological examinations. RESULTS: BPA-exposed mice were found to have neurobehavioral abnormalities, heart, kidney, and lung diseases with increased apoptotic indices in both sexes. On the other hand, the treatment of BPA mice with VitD altered this scenario with modulated motor activity, enhanced body and organ weights, and preserved the heart, kidney, and lung architecture, alongside a decreased percent apoptotic index. CONCLUSION: Our findings illustrate that VitD protects mice against BPA-induced heart, kidney, and lung abnormalities.