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The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens
BACKGROUND: Innovative water treatments and purification processes have become a point of interest to provide solutions and meet the basic water requirements and demands. Clay plays a key role in environmental protection from pollutants through ion exchange and/or adsorption. AIM: The study evaluate...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541728/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34722214 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i3.22 |
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author | Soliman, Essam S. Hassan, Rania A. Farid, Doaa S. |
author_facet | Soliman, Essam S. Hassan, Rania A. Farid, Doaa S. |
author_sort | Soliman, Essam S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Innovative water treatments and purification processes have become a point of interest to provide solutions and meet the basic water requirements and demands. Clay plays a key role in environmental protection from pollutants through ion exchange and/or adsorption. AIM: The study evaluated the adsorption and antimicrobial efficiency of clay in purifying polluted water, as well as the influence of clay-purified water on performance, immunity, and microbial counts. METHODS: The experimented 280 one-day-old Hubbard broilers were divided into seven groups on a deep litter system. Polluted water (lead nitrate; 500 mg/l, calcium sulfate; 80 mg/l, yeast extract 5%; 5 mg/l, diazinon; 2.5 ml/l, Salmonella Typhimurium; 1.5 × 10(6) CFU/ml, and Eimeria tenella; 1 × 10(5) OPG/ml) was filtered using plastic basins of 1 m(3) supplied with 60 cm layer of clay. Broiler groups (G1 to G6) were supplied with clay-filtered and G7 with control tape water. A total of 2,182 samples, including 54 water samples, 266 sera, 266 duodenal swabs, 266 breast muscles, 266 fecal samples, and 1,064 organs including liver, spleen, heart, and bursa of Fabricius were collected. RESULTS: Weight gains, performance indices, water intakes, water/feed intake ratios, live body weights, carcasses weights, edible and immune organs’ weights, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases in all broiler groups supplemented with clay-filtered water compared to the control group. Meanwhile, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cortisol hormone, total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts, total Salmonella counts, and E. tenella counts revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) declines in all broiler groups supplemented with clay-filtered water compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Clay filters provided high filtration, adsorption, and antimicrobial efficiency against polluted water, enhanced water quality, and improved performance and immunity in broiler chickens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8541728 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85417282021-10-29 The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens Soliman, Essam S. Hassan, Rania A. Farid, Doaa S. Open Vet J Original Article BACKGROUND: Innovative water treatments and purification processes have become a point of interest to provide solutions and meet the basic water requirements and demands. Clay plays a key role in environmental protection from pollutants through ion exchange and/or adsorption. AIM: The study evaluated the adsorption and antimicrobial efficiency of clay in purifying polluted water, as well as the influence of clay-purified water on performance, immunity, and microbial counts. METHODS: The experimented 280 one-day-old Hubbard broilers were divided into seven groups on a deep litter system. Polluted water (lead nitrate; 500 mg/l, calcium sulfate; 80 mg/l, yeast extract 5%; 5 mg/l, diazinon; 2.5 ml/l, Salmonella Typhimurium; 1.5 × 10(6) CFU/ml, and Eimeria tenella; 1 × 10(5) OPG/ml) was filtered using plastic basins of 1 m(3) supplied with 60 cm layer of clay. Broiler groups (G1 to G6) were supplied with clay-filtered and G7 with control tape water. A total of 2,182 samples, including 54 water samples, 266 sera, 266 duodenal swabs, 266 breast muscles, 266 fecal samples, and 1,064 organs including liver, spleen, heart, and bursa of Fabricius were collected. RESULTS: Weight gains, performance indices, water intakes, water/feed intake ratios, live body weights, carcasses weights, edible and immune organs’ weights, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases in all broiler groups supplemented with clay-filtered water compared to the control group. Meanwhile, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cortisol hormone, total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts, total Salmonella counts, and E. tenella counts revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) declines in all broiler groups supplemented with clay-filtered water compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Clay filters provided high filtration, adsorption, and antimicrobial efficiency against polluted water, enhanced water quality, and improved performance and immunity in broiler chickens. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 2021 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8541728/ /pubmed/34722214 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i3.22 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Soliman, Essam S. Hassan, Rania A. Farid, Doaa S. The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
title | The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
title_full | The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
title_fullStr | The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
title_full_unstemmed | The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
title_short | The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
title_sort | efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541728/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34722214 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i3.22 |
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