Histopathological Examination of the Mucosal Effects of Obstetric Gel on Vaginal Wound Healing in an Incision-Inflicted Rat Model

Background and objective The present study intended to investigate the histopathological efficacy of obstetric gels on the healing of vaginal lacerations in rats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such study. Materials and methods Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups, comprising seven animals per group. The first group (group 1) was the control group, the second (group 2) was the polyvinyl iodine (PI) group, and the third group (group 3) was the obstetric gel (OG) group. In all three groups, a vaginal incision was made with a No. 10 scalpel, and the incision site was sutured with a 3-0 Vicryl suture. In the control group, the incision site was left for routine healing. The incision site was washed with PI in the PI group and with OG in the OG group. After 15 days, vaginal tissues were obtained from all three groups for histopathological examination. In addition, immunohistochemistry staining was performed using caspase 3 and fibrillin 1 antibodies. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of congestion, vascular proliferation, and inflammation stages in the examinations performed on the vaginal wall. However, the amount of collagen and elastic fibers increased during the remodeling and fibrosis phase, and the fibrillin 1 score increased in immunohistochemistry staining (p < 0.001). Conclusion It has been shown in rat vaginal tissue that obstetric gels do not have negative effects on wound healing; however, they contribute to wound healing by positively affecting the fibrosis stage.