How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?

The effects of ventilation and sucrose concentration on proliferation and organogenesis of pistachio cutting and photosynthetic performance of two in vitro cultures of pistachio rootstocks have been assessed. The apical leaf buds (Qazvini and UCB1 cultivars) were cultured in filter vessels containing Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0, 10, 15, and 30 g L(−1) of sucrose. The plants treated with 10, 15, and 30 g L(−1) sucrose showed no significant differences regarding the measured traits; therefore, this treatment was set aside from the final statistical analyses. Use of different ventilation systems showed to be suitable for increasing the growth of pistachio. Referring to root production difficulties under in vitro cultivation of pistachio, ventilation increased the root production and length. However, the full ventilation system was more effective in improving the growth properties. Regression between fluorescence feature vs root length showed that F (v)/F (m) had a significant positive relationship with root length. Stomata of cell parameters under ventilation systems improved compared to no ventilation, which was highly similar to the trend in the greenhouse. The overall results indicated that low concentrations of sucrose (e.g., 10 g L(−1)) and full ventilation are recommended for producing high quality and vigorous pistachio plantlets under in vitro conditions.