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The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Psychiatric disorder, including bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), affects millions of persons around the world. Understanding the disease causal mechanism underlying the three diseases and identifying the modifiable risk factors for them hold the key for the dev...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8542855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34707645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.763259 |
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author | Huang, Peng Zou, Yixin Zhang, Xingyu Ye, Xiangyu Wang, Yidi Yu, Rongbin Yang, Sheng |
author_facet | Huang, Peng Zou, Yixin Zhang, Xingyu Ye, Xiangyu Wang, Yidi Yu, Rongbin Yang, Sheng |
author_sort | Huang, Peng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Psychiatric disorder, including bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), affects millions of persons around the world. Understanding the disease causal mechanism underlying the three diseases and identifying the modifiable risk factors for them hold the key for the development of effective preventative and treatment strategies. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization method to assess the causal effect of insomnia on the risk of BD, MDD, and SCZ in a European population. We collected one dataset of insomnia, three of BD, one of MDD, and three of SCZ and performed a meta-analysis for each trait, further verifying the analysis through extensive complementarity and sensitivity analysis. Among the three psychiatric disorders, we found that only insomnia is causally associated with MDD and that higher insomnia increases the risk of MDD. Specifically, the odds ratio of MDD increase of insomnia is estimated to be 1.408 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.210–1.640, p = 1.03E-05] in the European population. The identified causal relationship between insomnia and MDD is robust with respect to the choice of statistical methods and is validated through extensive sensitivity analyses that guard against various model assumption violations. Our results provide new evidence to support the causal effect of insomnia on MDD and pave ways for reducing the psychiatric disorder burden. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8542855 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85428552021-10-26 The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Huang, Peng Zou, Yixin Zhang, Xingyu Ye, Xiangyu Wang, Yidi Yu, Rongbin Yang, Sheng Front Genet Genetics Psychiatric disorder, including bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), affects millions of persons around the world. Understanding the disease causal mechanism underlying the three diseases and identifying the modifiable risk factors for them hold the key for the development of effective preventative and treatment strategies. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization method to assess the causal effect of insomnia on the risk of BD, MDD, and SCZ in a European population. We collected one dataset of insomnia, three of BD, one of MDD, and three of SCZ and performed a meta-analysis for each trait, further verifying the analysis through extensive complementarity and sensitivity analysis. Among the three psychiatric disorders, we found that only insomnia is causally associated with MDD and that higher insomnia increases the risk of MDD. Specifically, the odds ratio of MDD increase of insomnia is estimated to be 1.408 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.210–1.640, p = 1.03E-05] in the European population. The identified causal relationship between insomnia and MDD is robust with respect to the choice of statistical methods and is validated through extensive sensitivity analyses that guard against various model assumption violations. Our results provide new evidence to support the causal effect of insomnia on MDD and pave ways for reducing the psychiatric disorder burden. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8542855/ /pubmed/34707645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.763259 Text en Copyright © 2021 Huang, Zou, Zhang, Ye, Wang, Yu and Yang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Huang, Peng Zou, Yixin Zhang, Xingyu Ye, Xiangyu Wang, Yidi Yu, Rongbin Yang, Sheng The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title | The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full | The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_fullStr | The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_short | The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_sort | causal effects of insomnia on bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia: a two-sample mendelian randomization study |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8542855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34707645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.763259 |
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