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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of Earth’s most abundant organosulfur molecules, and bacteria in marine sediments have been considered significant producers. However, the vertical profiles of DMSP content and DMSP-producing bacteria in subseafloor sediment have not been described. Here, we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8543147/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34707588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731524 |
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author | Zhang, Yunhui Sun, Kai Sun, Chuang Shi, Xiaochong Todd, Jonathan D. Zhang, Xiao-Hua |
author_facet | Zhang, Yunhui Sun, Kai Sun, Chuang Shi, Xiaochong Todd, Jonathan D. Zhang, Xiao-Hua |
author_sort | Zhang, Yunhui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of Earth’s most abundant organosulfur molecules, and bacteria in marine sediments have been considered significant producers. However, the vertical profiles of DMSP content and DMSP-producing bacteria in subseafloor sediment have not been described. Here, we used culture-dependent and -independent methods to investigate microbial DMSP production and cycling potential in South China Sea (SCS) sediment. The DMSP content of SCS sediment decreased from 11.25 to 20.90 nmol g(–1) in the surface to 0.56–2.08 nmol g(–1) in the bottom layers of 8-m-deep subseafloor sediment cores (n = 10). Very few eukaryotic plastid sequences were detected in the sediment, supporting bacteria and not algae as important sediment DMSP producers. Known bacterial DMSP biosynthesis genes (dsyB and mmtN) were only predicted to be in 0.0007–0.0195% of sediment bacteria, but novel DMSP-producing isolates with potentially unknown DMSP synthesis genes and/or pathways were identified in these sediments, including Marinobacter (Gammaproteobacteria) and Erythrobacter (Alphaproteobacteria) sp. The abundance of bacteria with the potential to produce DMSP decreased with sediment depth and was extremely low at 690 cm. Furthermore, distinct DMSP-producing bacterial groups existed in surface and subseafloor sediment samples, and their abundance increased when samples were incubated under conditions known to enrich for DMSP-producing bacteria. Bacterial DMSP catabolic genes were also most abundant in the surface oxic sediments with high DMSP concentrations. This study extends the current knowledge of bacterial DMSP biosynthesis in marine sediments and implies that DMSP biosynthesis is not only confined to the surface oxic sediment zones. It highlights the importance of future work to uncover the DMSP biosynthesis genes/pathways in novel DMSP-producing bacteria. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8543147 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85431472021-10-26 Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea Zhang, Yunhui Sun, Kai Sun, Chuang Shi, Xiaochong Todd, Jonathan D. Zhang, Xiao-Hua Front Microbiol Microbiology Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of Earth’s most abundant organosulfur molecules, and bacteria in marine sediments have been considered significant producers. However, the vertical profiles of DMSP content and DMSP-producing bacteria in subseafloor sediment have not been described. Here, we used culture-dependent and -independent methods to investigate microbial DMSP production and cycling potential in South China Sea (SCS) sediment. The DMSP content of SCS sediment decreased from 11.25 to 20.90 nmol g(–1) in the surface to 0.56–2.08 nmol g(–1) in the bottom layers of 8-m-deep subseafloor sediment cores (n = 10). Very few eukaryotic plastid sequences were detected in the sediment, supporting bacteria and not algae as important sediment DMSP producers. Known bacterial DMSP biosynthesis genes (dsyB and mmtN) were only predicted to be in 0.0007–0.0195% of sediment bacteria, but novel DMSP-producing isolates with potentially unknown DMSP synthesis genes and/or pathways were identified in these sediments, including Marinobacter (Gammaproteobacteria) and Erythrobacter (Alphaproteobacteria) sp. The abundance of bacteria with the potential to produce DMSP decreased with sediment depth and was extremely low at 690 cm. Furthermore, distinct DMSP-producing bacterial groups existed in surface and subseafloor sediment samples, and their abundance increased when samples were incubated under conditions known to enrich for DMSP-producing bacteria. Bacterial DMSP catabolic genes were also most abundant in the surface oxic sediments with high DMSP concentrations. This study extends the current knowledge of bacterial DMSP biosynthesis in marine sediments and implies that DMSP biosynthesis is not only confined to the surface oxic sediment zones. It highlights the importance of future work to uncover the DMSP biosynthesis genes/pathways in novel DMSP-producing bacteria. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8543147/ /pubmed/34707588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731524 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Sun, Sun, Shi, Todd and Zhang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Zhang, Yunhui Sun, Kai Sun, Chuang Shi, Xiaochong Todd, Jonathan D. Zhang, Xiao-Hua Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea |
title | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea |
title_full | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea |
title_fullStr | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea |
title_full_unstemmed | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea |
title_short | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthetic Bacteria in the Subseafloor Sediments of the South China Sea |
title_sort | dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthetic bacteria in the subseafloor sediments of the south china sea |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8543147/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34707588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731524 |
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