Cargando…

Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and import...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lin, Fu-Huang, Chen, Bao-Chung, Chou, Yu-Ching, Hsieh, Chi-Jeng, Yu, Chia-Peng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34682996
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101316
_version_ 1784589801043787776
author Lin, Fu-Huang
Chen, Bao-Chung
Chou, Yu-Ching
Hsieh, Chi-Jeng
Yu, Chia-Peng
author_facet Lin, Fu-Huang
Chen, Bao-Chung
Chou, Yu-Ching
Hsieh, Chi-Jeng
Yu, Chia-Peng
author_sort Lin, Fu-Huang
collection PubMed
description The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of typhoid and paratyphoid in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence. In this study, we made use of the open data website provided by Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) to extract the reported numbers of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid between January and December from 2011 to 2020 for comparison. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Fisher’s exact test was performed if an expected frequency was less than 5. A total of 226 typhoid cases and 61 paratyphoid cases were analyzed from the database. The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid per million of the population were 0.42–2.11 and 0–0.39, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of the diseases between the age groups (p = 0.019), with a gradual increase in the 20–40 years group. A distinct seasonal (between fall and spring) variation was also observed (p = 0.012). There were 34 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2011–2015 and 12 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2016–2020. During these periods, there were two cases of paratyphoid. This study indicated that the risk of children suffering from typhoid has been significantly reduced in the last five years. Furthermore, we found that more women have acquired typhoid and paratyphoid than men, and that living in the Taipei metropolitan area and the northern area was a potential risk factor. Furthermore, the number of imported cases of typhoid (n = 3) and paratyphoid (n = 0) reported during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than that reported for the same disease from 2011 to 2020. More typhoid and paratyphoid cases were imported from Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. This study represents the first report on confirmed cases of acquired typhoid and paratyphoid from surveillance data from Taiwan’s CDC for the period 2011–2020. This study also demonstrates that the cases of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased in Taiwan during the COVID pandemic. Big data were used in this study, which may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8544365
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-85443652021-10-26 Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020 Lin, Fu-Huang Chen, Bao-Chung Chou, Yu-Ching Hsieh, Chi-Jeng Yu, Chia-Peng Healthcare (Basel) Article The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of typhoid and paratyphoid in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence. In this study, we made use of the open data website provided by Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) to extract the reported numbers of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid between January and December from 2011 to 2020 for comparison. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Fisher’s exact test was performed if an expected frequency was less than 5. A total of 226 typhoid cases and 61 paratyphoid cases were analyzed from the database. The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid per million of the population were 0.42–2.11 and 0–0.39, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of the diseases between the age groups (p = 0.019), with a gradual increase in the 20–40 years group. A distinct seasonal (between fall and spring) variation was also observed (p = 0.012). There were 34 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2011–2015 and 12 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2016–2020. During these periods, there were two cases of paratyphoid. This study indicated that the risk of children suffering from typhoid has been significantly reduced in the last five years. Furthermore, we found that more women have acquired typhoid and paratyphoid than men, and that living in the Taipei metropolitan area and the northern area was a potential risk factor. Furthermore, the number of imported cases of typhoid (n = 3) and paratyphoid (n = 0) reported during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than that reported for the same disease from 2011 to 2020. More typhoid and paratyphoid cases were imported from Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. This study represents the first report on confirmed cases of acquired typhoid and paratyphoid from surveillance data from Taiwan’s CDC for the period 2011–2020. This study also demonstrates that the cases of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased in Taiwan during the COVID pandemic. Big data were used in this study, which may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan. MDPI 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8544365/ /pubmed/34682996 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101316 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lin, Fu-Huang
Chen, Bao-Chung
Chou, Yu-Ching
Hsieh, Chi-Jeng
Yu, Chia-Peng
Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
title Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
title_full Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
title_fullStr Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
title_short Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
title_sort incidence and risk factors for notifiable typhoid and paratyphoid in taiwan during the period 2011–2020
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34682996
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101316
work_keys_str_mv AT linfuhuang incidenceandriskfactorsfornotifiabletyphoidandparatyphoidintaiwanduringtheperiod20112020
AT chenbaochung incidenceandriskfactorsfornotifiabletyphoidandparatyphoidintaiwanduringtheperiod20112020
AT chouyuching incidenceandriskfactorsfornotifiabletyphoidandparatyphoidintaiwanduringtheperiod20112020
AT hsiehchijeng incidenceandriskfactorsfornotifiabletyphoidandparatyphoidintaiwanduringtheperiod20112020
AT yuchiapeng incidenceandriskfactorsfornotifiabletyphoidandparatyphoidintaiwanduringtheperiod20112020