Cargando…
Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is an emerging tick-borne rickettsiosis of the spotted fever group (SFG), endemic in the Mediterranean basin. By virtue of technological innovations in molecular genetics, it has been determined that the causative agent of MSF is Rickettsia conorii subspecies conori...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544691/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34698275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6040172 |
_version_ | 1784589869837713408 |
---|---|
author | Spernovasilis, Nikolaos Markaki, Ioulia Papadakis, Michail Mazonakis, Nikolaos Ierodiakonou, Despo |
author_facet | Spernovasilis, Nikolaos Markaki, Ioulia Papadakis, Michail Mazonakis, Nikolaos Ierodiakonou, Despo |
author_sort | Spernovasilis, Nikolaos |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is an emerging tick-borne rickettsiosis of the spotted fever group (SFG), endemic in the Mediterranean basin. By virtue of technological innovations in molecular genetics, it has been determined that the causative agent of MSF is Rickettsia conorii subspecies conorii. The arthropod vector of this bacterium is the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The true nature of the reservoir of R. conorii conorii has not been completely deciphered yet, although many authors theorize that the canine population, other mammals, and the ticks themselves could potentially contribute as reservoirs. Typical symptoms of MSF include fever, maculopapular rash, and a characteristic eschar (“tache noire”). Atypical clinical features and severe multi-organ complications may also be present. All of these manifestations arise from the disseminated infection of the endothelium by R. conorii conorii. Several methods exist for the diagnosis of MSF. Serological tests are widely used and molecular techniques have become increasingly available. Doxycycline remains the treatment of choice, while preventive measures are focused on modification of human behavior and vector control strategies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MSF. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8544691 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85446912021-10-26 Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances Spernovasilis, Nikolaos Markaki, Ioulia Papadakis, Michail Mazonakis, Nikolaos Ierodiakonou, Despo Trop Med Infect Dis Review Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is an emerging tick-borne rickettsiosis of the spotted fever group (SFG), endemic in the Mediterranean basin. By virtue of technological innovations in molecular genetics, it has been determined that the causative agent of MSF is Rickettsia conorii subspecies conorii. The arthropod vector of this bacterium is the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The true nature of the reservoir of R. conorii conorii has not been completely deciphered yet, although many authors theorize that the canine population, other mammals, and the ticks themselves could potentially contribute as reservoirs. Typical symptoms of MSF include fever, maculopapular rash, and a characteristic eschar (“tache noire”). Atypical clinical features and severe multi-organ complications may also be present. All of these manifestations arise from the disseminated infection of the endothelium by R. conorii conorii. Several methods exist for the diagnosis of MSF. Serological tests are widely used and molecular techniques have become increasingly available. Doxycycline remains the treatment of choice, while preventive measures are focused on modification of human behavior and vector control strategies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MSF. MDPI 2021-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8544691/ /pubmed/34698275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6040172 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Spernovasilis, Nikolaos Markaki, Ioulia Papadakis, Michail Mazonakis, Nikolaos Ierodiakonou, Despo Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances |
title | Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances |
title_full | Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances |
title_fullStr | Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances |
title_full_unstemmed | Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances |
title_short | Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances |
title_sort | mediterranean spotted fever: current knowledge and recent advances |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544691/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34698275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6040172 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT spernovasilisnikolaos mediterraneanspottedfevercurrentknowledgeandrecentadvances AT markakiioulia mediterraneanspottedfevercurrentknowledgeandrecentadvances AT papadakismichail mediterraneanspottedfevercurrentknowledgeandrecentadvances AT mazonakisnikolaos mediterraneanspottedfevercurrentknowledgeandrecentadvances AT ierodiakonoudespo mediterraneanspottedfevercurrentknowledgeandrecentadvances |