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Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and lesion repair. In tumors, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of early stage tumorigenesis and promotes late stage tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we review the roles of TGF-β as well as c...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8545984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34712672 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.764727 |
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author | Stuelten, Christina H. Zhang, Ying E. |
author_facet | Stuelten, Christina H. Zhang, Ying E. |
author_sort | Stuelten, Christina H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and lesion repair. In tumors, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of early stage tumorigenesis and promotes late stage tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we review the roles of TGF-β as well as components of its signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. We will discuss how a core property of TGF-β, namely its ability to change cell differentiation, leads to the transition of epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts to a myofibroblastoid phenotype, changes differentiation and polarization of immune cells, and induces metabolic reprogramming of cells, all of which contribute to the progression of epithelial tumors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8545984 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85459842021-10-27 Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment Stuelten, Christina H. Zhang, Ying E. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and lesion repair. In tumors, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of early stage tumorigenesis and promotes late stage tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we review the roles of TGF-β as well as components of its signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. We will discuss how a core property of TGF-β, namely its ability to change cell differentiation, leads to the transition of epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts to a myofibroblastoid phenotype, changes differentiation and polarization of immune cells, and induces metabolic reprogramming of cells, all of which contribute to the progression of epithelial tumors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8545984/ /pubmed/34712672 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.764727 Text en Copyright © 2021 Stuelten and Zhang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Stuelten, Christina H. Zhang, Ying E. Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment |
title | Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment |
title_full | Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment |
title_fullStr | Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment |
title_full_unstemmed | Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment |
title_short | Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment |
title_sort | transforming growth factor-β: an agent of change in the tumor microenvironment |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8545984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34712672 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.764727 |
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