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Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls

In frail older subjects, the motor output of the antigravity muscles is fundamental in resisting falls. These muscles undergo accelerated involutions when they are inactive and the risk of falling increases during leisure and domestic physical activity. In order to reduce their risk of falling, frai...

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Autor principal: Paillard, Thierry
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8546223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34712145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.700723
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author Paillard, Thierry
author_facet Paillard, Thierry
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description In frail older subjects, the motor output of the antigravity muscles is fundamental in resisting falls. These muscles undergo accelerated involutions when they are inactive and the risk of falling increases during leisure and domestic physical activity. In order to reduce their risk of falling, frail older subjects limit their physical activities/exercises. The problem is that the less they exercise, the less they are able to exercise and the greater the risk in exercising. Hence, a vicious circle sets up and the antigravity muscles inevitably continue to deteriorate. This vicious circle must be broken by starting a reconditioning program based on developing the strength of antigravity muscles (especially lower-limb muscles). To begin with, for each increase in muscle strength, postural balance is improved. Once this increase reaches the threshold beyond which postural balance no longer improves, it seems appropriate to implement exercises aimed at concomitantly improving motor output and postural balance in order to counteract or even reverse the involution process of the postural balance system. Methods and strategies toward this end are proposed in this present communication. However, the transfer effects between strength increase and postural balance ability are not yet totally known and future research should evaluate the relationship between muscle strength and postural balance throughout rehabilitation programs (i.e., program follow-ups) in frail older subjects in order to advance knowledge of this relationship.
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spelling pubmed-85462232021-10-27 Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls Paillard, Thierry Front Physiol Physiology In frail older subjects, the motor output of the antigravity muscles is fundamental in resisting falls. These muscles undergo accelerated involutions when they are inactive and the risk of falling increases during leisure and domestic physical activity. In order to reduce their risk of falling, frail older subjects limit their physical activities/exercises. The problem is that the less they exercise, the less they are able to exercise and the greater the risk in exercising. Hence, a vicious circle sets up and the antigravity muscles inevitably continue to deteriorate. This vicious circle must be broken by starting a reconditioning program based on developing the strength of antigravity muscles (especially lower-limb muscles). To begin with, for each increase in muscle strength, postural balance is improved. Once this increase reaches the threshold beyond which postural balance no longer improves, it seems appropriate to implement exercises aimed at concomitantly improving motor output and postural balance in order to counteract or even reverse the involution process of the postural balance system. Methods and strategies toward this end are proposed in this present communication. However, the transfer effects between strength increase and postural balance ability are not yet totally known and future research should evaluate the relationship between muscle strength and postural balance throughout rehabilitation programs (i.e., program follow-ups) in frail older subjects in order to advance knowledge of this relationship. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8546223/ /pubmed/34712145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.700723 Text en Copyright © 2021 Paillard. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Paillard, Thierry
Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls
title Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls
title_full Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls
title_fullStr Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls
title_full_unstemmed Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls
title_short Methods and Strategies for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Frail Older Subjects Prone to Falls
title_sort methods and strategies for reconditioning motor output and postural balance in frail older subjects prone to falls
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8546223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34712145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.700723
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