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Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli

Global transcriptional regulators coordinate complex genetic interactions that bestow better adaptability for an organism against external and internal perturbations. These transcriptional regulators are known to control an enormous array of genes with diverse functionalities. However, regulator-dri...

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Autores principales: Iyer, Mahesh S., Pal, Ankita, Srinivasan, Sumana, Somvanshi, Pramod R., Venkatesh, K. V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8546960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33785570
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00001-21
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author Iyer, Mahesh S.
Pal, Ankita
Srinivasan, Sumana
Somvanshi, Pramod R.
Venkatesh, K. V.
author_facet Iyer, Mahesh S.
Pal, Ankita
Srinivasan, Sumana
Somvanshi, Pramod R.
Venkatesh, K. V.
author_sort Iyer, Mahesh S.
collection PubMed
description Global transcriptional regulators coordinate complex genetic interactions that bestow better adaptability for an organism against external and internal perturbations. These transcriptional regulators are known to control an enormous array of genes with diverse functionalities. However, regulator-driven molecular mechanisms that underpin precisely tuned translational and metabolic processes conducive for rapid exponential growth remain obscure. Here, we comprehensively reveal the fundamental role of global transcriptional regulators FNR, ArcA, and IHF in sustaining translational and metabolic efficiency under glucose fermentative conditions in Escherichia coli. By integrating high-throughput gene expression profiles and absolute intracellular metabolite concentrations, we illustrate that these regulators are crucial in maintaining nitrogen homeostasis, govern expression of otherwise unnecessary or hedging genes, and exert tight control on metabolic bottleneck steps. Furthermore, we characterize changes in expression and activity profiles of other coregulators associated with these dysregulated metabolic pathways, determining the regulatory interactions within the transcriptional regulatory network. Such systematic findings emphasize their importance in optimizing the proteome allocation toward metabolic enzymes as well as ribosomes, facilitating condition-specific phenotypic outcomes. Consequentially, we reveal that disruption of this inherent trade-off between ribosome and metabolic proteome economy due to the loss of regulators resulted in lowered growth rates. Moreover, our findings reinforce that the accumulations of intracellular metabolites in the event of proteome repartitions negatively affects the glucose uptake. Overall, by extending the three-partition proteome allocation theory concordant with multi-omics measurements, we elucidate the physiological consequences of loss of global regulators on central carbon metabolism restraining the organism to attain maximal biomass synthesis. IMPORTANCE Cellular proteome allocation in response to environmental or internal perturbations governs their eventual phenotypic outcome. This entails striking an effective balance between amino acid biosynthesis by metabolic proteins and its consumption by ribosomes. However, the global transcriptional regulator-driven molecular mechanisms that underpin their coordination remains unexplored. Here, we emphasize that global transcriptional regulators, known to control expression of a myriad of genes, are fundamental for precisely tuning the translational and metabolic efficiencies that define the growth optimality. Towards this, we systematically characterized the single deletion effect of FNR, ArcA, and IHF regulators of Escherichia coli on exponential growth under anaerobic glucose fermentative conditions. Their absence disrupts the stringency of proteome allocation, which manifests as impairment in key metabolic processes and an accumulation of intracellular metabolites. Furthermore, by incorporating an extension to the empirical growth laws, we quantitatively demonstrate the general design principles underlying the existence of these regulators in E. coli.
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spelling pubmed-85469602021-10-27 Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli Iyer, Mahesh S. Pal, Ankita Srinivasan, Sumana Somvanshi, Pramod R. Venkatesh, K. V. mSystems Research Article Global transcriptional regulators coordinate complex genetic interactions that bestow better adaptability for an organism against external and internal perturbations. These transcriptional regulators are known to control an enormous array of genes with diverse functionalities. However, regulator-driven molecular mechanisms that underpin precisely tuned translational and metabolic processes conducive for rapid exponential growth remain obscure. Here, we comprehensively reveal the fundamental role of global transcriptional regulators FNR, ArcA, and IHF in sustaining translational and metabolic efficiency under glucose fermentative conditions in Escherichia coli. By integrating high-throughput gene expression profiles and absolute intracellular metabolite concentrations, we illustrate that these regulators are crucial in maintaining nitrogen homeostasis, govern expression of otherwise unnecessary or hedging genes, and exert tight control on metabolic bottleneck steps. Furthermore, we characterize changes in expression and activity profiles of other coregulators associated with these dysregulated metabolic pathways, determining the regulatory interactions within the transcriptional regulatory network. Such systematic findings emphasize their importance in optimizing the proteome allocation toward metabolic enzymes as well as ribosomes, facilitating condition-specific phenotypic outcomes. Consequentially, we reveal that disruption of this inherent trade-off between ribosome and metabolic proteome economy due to the loss of regulators resulted in lowered growth rates. Moreover, our findings reinforce that the accumulations of intracellular metabolites in the event of proteome repartitions negatively affects the glucose uptake. Overall, by extending the three-partition proteome allocation theory concordant with multi-omics measurements, we elucidate the physiological consequences of loss of global regulators on central carbon metabolism restraining the organism to attain maximal biomass synthesis. IMPORTANCE Cellular proteome allocation in response to environmental or internal perturbations governs their eventual phenotypic outcome. This entails striking an effective balance between amino acid biosynthesis by metabolic proteins and its consumption by ribosomes. However, the global transcriptional regulator-driven molecular mechanisms that underpin their coordination remains unexplored. Here, we emphasize that global transcriptional regulators, known to control expression of a myriad of genes, are fundamental for precisely tuning the translational and metabolic efficiencies that define the growth optimality. Towards this, we systematically characterized the single deletion effect of FNR, ArcA, and IHF regulators of Escherichia coli on exponential growth under anaerobic glucose fermentative conditions. Their absence disrupts the stringency of proteome allocation, which manifests as impairment in key metabolic processes and an accumulation of intracellular metabolites. Furthermore, by incorporating an extension to the empirical growth laws, we quantitatively demonstrate the general design principles underlying the existence of these regulators in E. coli. American Society for Microbiology 2021-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8546960/ /pubmed/33785570 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00001-21 Text en Copyright © 2021 Iyer et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Iyer, Mahesh S.
Pal, Ankita
Srinivasan, Sumana
Somvanshi, Pramod R.
Venkatesh, K. V.
Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli
title Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli
title_full Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli
title_fullStr Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli
title_full_unstemmed Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli
title_short Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli
title_sort global transcriptional regulators fine-tune the translational and metabolic efficiency for optimal growth of escherichia coli
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8546960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33785570
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00001-21
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