Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma unmasked by Vedolizumab in a patient with ulcerative colitis and well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus: A case report

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) was first described by Moritz Kaposi as a vascular tumor that mainly involves the skin but can affect any organ system. It is typically an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining illness but has emerged as a neoplasm also seen in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Few KS cases have been reported in the literature associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. We report the case of a 39-year-old male with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who presented to the hospital with new skin lesions shortly after the initiation of vedolizumab to treat his refractory UC. Immunohistochemistry of the skin lesions was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma secondary to human herpesvirus-8. This is a rare case of iatrogenic KS in a well-controlled HIV patient secondary to immunosuppressive therapy.