Cargando…

The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know

The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lee, K. A., Luong, M. K., Shaw, H., Nathan, P., Bataille, V., Spector, T. D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8548300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34262150
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x
_version_ 1784590543152480256
author Lee, K. A.
Luong, M. K.
Shaw, H.
Nathan, P.
Bataille, V.
Spector, T. D.
author_facet Lee, K. A.
Luong, M. K.
Shaw, H.
Nathan, P.
Bataille, V.
Spector, T. D.
author_sort Lee, K. A.
collection PubMed
description The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support the effects of the GM on the development of some malignancies but also on responses to cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating the GM including dietary modification, probiotics and faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) are in development. Current understandings of the many complex interrelationships between the GM, cancer, the immune system, nutrition and medication are ultimately based on a combination of short‐term clinical trials and observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding of cancer biology. The next generation of personalised cancer therapies focusses on molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution and immune status; it is distinctly possible that the GM will become an increasingly central focus amongst them. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of microbiome science and our current understanding of the role the GM plays in cancer.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8548300
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-85483002021-10-29 The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know Lee, K. A. Luong, M. K. Shaw, H. Nathan, P. Bataille, V. Spector, T. D. Br J Cancer Review Article The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support the effects of the GM on the development of some malignancies but also on responses to cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating the GM including dietary modification, probiotics and faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) are in development. Current understandings of the many complex interrelationships between the GM, cancer, the immune system, nutrition and medication are ultimately based on a combination of short‐term clinical trials and observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding of cancer biology. The next generation of personalised cancer therapies focusses on molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution and immune status; it is distinctly possible that the GM will become an increasingly central focus amongst them. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of microbiome science and our current understanding of the role the GM plays in cancer. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-07-14 2021-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8548300/ /pubmed/34262150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Lee, K. A.
Luong, M. K.
Shaw, H.
Nathan, P.
Bataille, V.
Spector, T. D.
The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
title The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
title_full The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
title_fullStr The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
title_full_unstemmed The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
title_short The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
title_sort gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8548300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34262150
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x
work_keys_str_mv AT leeka thegutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT luongmk thegutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT shawh thegutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT nathanp thegutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT bataillev thegutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT spectortd thegutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT leeka gutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT luongmk gutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT shawh gutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT nathanp gutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT bataillev gutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow
AT spectortd gutmicrobiomewhattheoncologistoughttoknow