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Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies

Trypanosoma brucei evansi and T. brucei equiperdum are animal infective trypanosomes conventionally classified by their clinical disease presentation, mode of transmission, host range, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) composition and geographical distribution. Unlike other members of the subgenus Trypanozoon,...

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Autores principales: Oldrieve, Guy, Verney, Mylène, Jaron, Kamil S., Hébert, Laurent, Matthews, Keith R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Microbiology Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8549356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34397347
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000632
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author Oldrieve, Guy
Verney, Mylène
Jaron, Kamil S.
Hébert, Laurent
Matthews, Keith R.
author_facet Oldrieve, Guy
Verney, Mylène
Jaron, Kamil S.
Hébert, Laurent
Matthews, Keith R.
author_sort Oldrieve, Guy
collection PubMed
description Trypanosoma brucei evansi and T. brucei equiperdum are animal infective trypanosomes conventionally classified by their clinical disease presentation, mode of transmission, host range, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) composition and geographical distribution. Unlike other members of the subgenus Trypanozoon, they are non-tsetse transmitted and predominantly morphologically uniform (monomorphic) in their mammalian host. Their classification as independent species or subspecies has been long debated and genomic studies have found that isolates within T. brucei evansi and T. brucei equiperdum have polyphyletic origins. Since current taxonomy does not fully acknowledge these polyphyletic relationships, we re-analysed publicly available genomic data to carefully define each clade of monomorphic trypanosome. This allowed us to identify, and account for, lineage-specific variation. We included a recently published isolate, IVM-t1, which was originally isolated from the genital mucosa of a horse with dourine and typed as T. equiperdum. Our analyses corroborate previous studies in identifying at least four distinct monomorphic T. brucei clades. We also found clear lineage-specific variation in the selection efficacy and heterozygosity of the monomorphic lineages, supporting their distinct evolutionary histories. The inferred evolutionary position of IVM-t1 suggests its reassignment to the T. brucei evansi type B clade, challenging the relationship between the Trypanozoon species, the infected host, mode of transmission and the associated pathological phenotype. The analysis of IVM-t1 also provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of the expansion of T. brucei evansi type B, or a fifth monomorphic lineage represented by IVM-t1, outside of Africa, with important possible implications for disease diagnosis.
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spelling pubmed-85493562021-10-27 Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies Oldrieve, Guy Verney, Mylène Jaron, Kamil S. Hébert, Laurent Matthews, Keith R. Microb Genom Short Communications Trypanosoma brucei evansi and T. brucei equiperdum are animal infective trypanosomes conventionally classified by their clinical disease presentation, mode of transmission, host range, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) composition and geographical distribution. Unlike other members of the subgenus Trypanozoon, they are non-tsetse transmitted and predominantly morphologically uniform (monomorphic) in their mammalian host. Their classification as independent species or subspecies has been long debated and genomic studies have found that isolates within T. brucei evansi and T. brucei equiperdum have polyphyletic origins. Since current taxonomy does not fully acknowledge these polyphyletic relationships, we re-analysed publicly available genomic data to carefully define each clade of monomorphic trypanosome. This allowed us to identify, and account for, lineage-specific variation. We included a recently published isolate, IVM-t1, which was originally isolated from the genital mucosa of a horse with dourine and typed as T. equiperdum. Our analyses corroborate previous studies in identifying at least four distinct monomorphic T. brucei clades. We also found clear lineage-specific variation in the selection efficacy and heterozygosity of the monomorphic lineages, supporting their distinct evolutionary histories. The inferred evolutionary position of IVM-t1 suggests its reassignment to the T. brucei evansi type B clade, challenging the relationship between the Trypanozoon species, the infected host, mode of transmission and the associated pathological phenotype. The analysis of IVM-t1 also provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of the expansion of T. brucei evansi type B, or a fifth monomorphic lineage represented by IVM-t1, outside of Africa, with important possible implications for disease diagnosis. Microbiology Society 2021-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8549356/ /pubmed/34397347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000632 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
spellingShingle Short Communications
Oldrieve, Guy
Verney, Mylène
Jaron, Kamil S.
Hébert, Laurent
Matthews, Keith R.
Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
title Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
title_full Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
title_fullStr Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
title_full_unstemmed Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
title_short Monomorphic Trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
title_sort monomorphic trypanozoon: towards reconciling phylogeny and pathologies
topic Short Communications
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8549356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34397347
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000632
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