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Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions
Microglia are brain resident macrophages, which actively survey the surrounding microenvironment and promote tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. During this process, microglia participate in synaptic remodeling, neurogenesis, elimination of unwanted neurons and cellular debris. The co...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8549960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34720877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.722028 |
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author | Wang, Xiao-Lan Li, Lianjian |
author_facet | Wang, Xiao-Lan Li, Lianjian |
author_sort | Wang, Xiao-Lan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microglia are brain resident macrophages, which actively survey the surrounding microenvironment and promote tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. During this process, microglia participate in synaptic remodeling, neurogenesis, elimination of unwanted neurons and cellular debris. The complex interplay between microglia and neurons drives the formation of functional neuronal connections and maintains an optimal neural network. However, activation of microglia induced by chronic inflammation increases synaptic phagocytosis and leads to neuronal impairment or death. Microglial dysfunction is implicated in almost all brain diseases and leads to long-lasting functional deficiency, such as hippocampus-related cognitive decline and hypothalamus-associated energy imbalance (i.e., obesity). High-fat diet (HFD) consumption triggers mediobasal hypothalamic microglial activation and inflammation. Moreover, HFD-induced inflammation results in cognitive deficits by triggering hippocampal microglial activation. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of microglial characteristics and biological functions and also reviewed the molecular mechanism of microglia in shaping neural circuitries mainly related to cognition and energy balance in homeostatic and diet-induced inflammatory conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8549960 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85499602021-10-28 Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions Wang, Xiao-Lan Li, Lianjian Front Cell Neurosci Cellular Neuroscience Microglia are brain resident macrophages, which actively survey the surrounding microenvironment and promote tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. During this process, microglia participate in synaptic remodeling, neurogenesis, elimination of unwanted neurons and cellular debris. The complex interplay between microglia and neurons drives the formation of functional neuronal connections and maintains an optimal neural network. However, activation of microglia induced by chronic inflammation increases synaptic phagocytosis and leads to neuronal impairment or death. Microglial dysfunction is implicated in almost all brain diseases and leads to long-lasting functional deficiency, such as hippocampus-related cognitive decline and hypothalamus-associated energy imbalance (i.e., obesity). High-fat diet (HFD) consumption triggers mediobasal hypothalamic microglial activation and inflammation. Moreover, HFD-induced inflammation results in cognitive deficits by triggering hippocampal microglial activation. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of microglial characteristics and biological functions and also reviewed the molecular mechanism of microglia in shaping neural circuitries mainly related to cognition and energy balance in homeostatic and diet-induced inflammatory conditions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8549960/ /pubmed/34720877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.722028 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wang and Li. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular Neuroscience Wang, Xiao-Lan Li, Lianjian Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions |
title | Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions |
title_full | Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions |
title_fullStr | Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions |
title_short | Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions |
title_sort | microglia regulate neuronal circuits in homeostatic and high-fat diet-induced inflammatory conditions |
topic | Cellular Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8549960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34720877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.722028 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wangxiaolan microgliaregulateneuronalcircuitsinhomeostaticandhighfatdietinducedinflammatoryconditions AT lilianjian microgliaregulateneuronalcircuitsinhomeostaticandhighfatdietinducedinflammatoryconditions |