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Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene

Holocene climate variability is punctuated by episodic climatic events such as the Little Ice Age (LIA) predating the industrial-era warming. Their dating and forcing mechanisms have however remained controversial. Even more crucially, it is uncertain whether earlier events represent climatic regime...

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Autores principales: Helama, Samuli, Stoffel, Markus, Hall, Richard J., Jones, Phil D., Arppe, Laura, Matskovsky, Vladimir V., Timonen, Mauri, Nöjd, Pekka, Mielikäinen, Kari, Oinonen, Markku
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8550666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34776646
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05669-0
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author Helama, Samuli
Stoffel, Markus
Hall, Richard J.
Jones, Phil D.
Arppe, Laura
Matskovsky, Vladimir V.
Timonen, Mauri
Nöjd, Pekka
Mielikäinen, Kari
Oinonen, Markku
author_facet Helama, Samuli
Stoffel, Markus
Hall, Richard J.
Jones, Phil D.
Arppe, Laura
Matskovsky, Vladimir V.
Timonen, Mauri
Nöjd, Pekka
Mielikäinen, Kari
Oinonen, Markku
author_sort Helama, Samuli
collection PubMed
description Holocene climate variability is punctuated by episodic climatic events such as the Little Ice Age (LIA) predating the industrial-era warming. Their dating and forcing mechanisms have however remained controversial. Even more crucially, it is uncertain whether earlier events represent climatic regimes similar to the LIA. Here we produce and analyse a new 7500-year long palaeoclimate record tailored to detect LIA-like climatic regimes from northern European tree-ring data. In addition to the actual LIA, we identify LIA-like ca. 100–800 year periods with cold temperatures combined with clear sky conditions from 540 CE, 1670 BCE, 3240 BCE and 5450 BCE onwards, these LIA-like regimes covering 20% of the study period. Consistent with climate modelling, the LIA-like regimes originate from a coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice North Atlantic-Arctic system and were amplified by volcanic activity (multiple eruptions closely spaced in time), tree-ring evidence pointing to similarly enhanced LIA-like regimes starting after the eruptions recorded in 1627 BCE, 536/540 CE and 1809/1815 CE. Conversely, the ongoing decline in Arctic sea-ice extent is mirrored in our data which shows reversal of the LIA-like conditions since the late nineteenth century, our record also correlating highly with the instrumentally recorded Northern Hemisphere and global temperatures over the same period. Our results bridge the gaps between low- and high-resolution, precisely dated proxies and demonstrate the efficacy of slow and fast components of the climate system to generate LIA-like climate regimes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00382-021-05669-0.
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spelling pubmed-85506662021-11-10 Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene Helama, Samuli Stoffel, Markus Hall, Richard J. Jones, Phil D. Arppe, Laura Matskovsky, Vladimir V. Timonen, Mauri Nöjd, Pekka Mielikäinen, Kari Oinonen, Markku Clim Dyn Article Holocene climate variability is punctuated by episodic climatic events such as the Little Ice Age (LIA) predating the industrial-era warming. Their dating and forcing mechanisms have however remained controversial. Even more crucially, it is uncertain whether earlier events represent climatic regimes similar to the LIA. Here we produce and analyse a new 7500-year long palaeoclimate record tailored to detect LIA-like climatic regimes from northern European tree-ring data. In addition to the actual LIA, we identify LIA-like ca. 100–800 year periods with cold temperatures combined with clear sky conditions from 540 CE, 1670 BCE, 3240 BCE and 5450 BCE onwards, these LIA-like regimes covering 20% of the study period. Consistent with climate modelling, the LIA-like regimes originate from a coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice North Atlantic-Arctic system and were amplified by volcanic activity (multiple eruptions closely spaced in time), tree-ring evidence pointing to similarly enhanced LIA-like regimes starting after the eruptions recorded in 1627 BCE, 536/540 CE and 1809/1815 CE. Conversely, the ongoing decline in Arctic sea-ice extent is mirrored in our data which shows reversal of the LIA-like conditions since the late nineteenth century, our record also correlating highly with the instrumentally recorded Northern Hemisphere and global temperatures over the same period. Our results bridge the gaps between low- and high-resolution, precisely dated proxies and demonstrate the efficacy of slow and fast components of the climate system to generate LIA-like climate regimes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00382-021-05669-0. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-02-06 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8550666/ /pubmed/34776646 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05669-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Helama, Samuli
Stoffel, Markus
Hall, Richard J.
Jones, Phil D.
Arppe, Laura
Matskovsky, Vladimir V.
Timonen, Mauri
Nöjd, Pekka
Mielikäinen, Kari
Oinonen, Markku
Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene
title Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene
title_full Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene
title_fullStr Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene
title_full_unstemmed Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene
title_short Recurrent transitions to Little Ice Age-like climatic regimes over the Holocene
title_sort recurrent transitions to little ice age-like climatic regimes over the holocene
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8550666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34776646
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05669-0
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