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Appearance of congenital hand anomalies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Impact of appearance of congenital hand anomalies has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the common perception about how different congenitally malformed hands look. METHODS: We developed a questionnaire in a game format to evaluate the...

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Autores principales: Nietosvaara, Noora N., Sommarhem, Antti J., Puhakka, Jani M., Tan, Ruth E. S., Schalamon, Johannes, Nietosvaara, Aarno Y.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8551435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32106765
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496920903987
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author Nietosvaara, Noora N.
Sommarhem, Antti J.
Puhakka, Jani M.
Tan, Ruth E. S.
Schalamon, Johannes
Nietosvaara, Aarno Y.
author_facet Nietosvaara, Noora N.
Sommarhem, Antti J.
Puhakka, Jani M.
Tan, Ruth E. S.
Schalamon, Johannes
Nietosvaara, Aarno Y.
author_sort Nietosvaara, Noora N.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Impact of appearance of congenital hand anomalies has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the common perception about how different congenitally malformed hands look. METHODS: We developed a questionnaire in a game format to evaluate the appearance of different hands. Altogether 1450 (954 females) 4- to 84-year-old residents (296 children) of two European and one Asian (n = 102) country were asked to rate the appearance of different looking hands on a five-point pictorial Likert-type scale. Standardized photographs of the dorsal aspect of 17 different congenitally malformed non-operated hands and a normal hand were presented to respondents. Significance of age, gender, nationality, and profession of the respondents was assessed. RESULTS: The respondents’ ranking order of the hands was nearly consistent. The normal hand (mean = 4.43, standard deviation = 0.85, Md = 5) and clinodactyly (mean = 4.37, standard deviation = 0.86, Md = 5) were perceived to have the best appearance. Symbrachydactyly (mean = 1.42, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) and radial club hand (mean = 1.40, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) received the lowest scores. Adults rated the appearance of hands higher than children regarding 14 hands, females higher than men regarding 15 hands, and Europeans higher than Asians in 4 hands (p < 0.05, respectively). Europeans rated four-finger hand (mean = 3.21, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3) better looking than six-finger hand (mean = 2.92, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3, p < 0.005), whereas Asians gave higher scores to six-finger hand (mean = 2.66, standard deviation = 1.26, Md = 3) compared to four-finger hand (mean = 2.51, standard deviation = 1.14, Md = 2). Medical doctors and nurses gave higher scores compared to the other profession groups, school children, and high school students in five hands (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A normal hand is perceived distinctly better looking than most congenitally different hands. Different malformations’ appearance was ranked very coherently in the same order despite of participants’ age, gender, nationality, or profession. Asians seem to prefer an additional digit to a four-finger hand.
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spelling pubmed-85514352021-10-29 Appearance of congenital hand anomalies Nietosvaara, Noora N. Sommarhem, Antti J. Puhakka, Jani M. Tan, Ruth E. S. Schalamon, Johannes Nietosvaara, Aarno Y. Scand J Surg Original Research Articles BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Impact of appearance of congenital hand anomalies has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the common perception about how different congenitally malformed hands look. METHODS: We developed a questionnaire in a game format to evaluate the appearance of different hands. Altogether 1450 (954 females) 4- to 84-year-old residents (296 children) of two European and one Asian (n = 102) country were asked to rate the appearance of different looking hands on a five-point pictorial Likert-type scale. Standardized photographs of the dorsal aspect of 17 different congenitally malformed non-operated hands and a normal hand were presented to respondents. Significance of age, gender, nationality, and profession of the respondents was assessed. RESULTS: The respondents’ ranking order of the hands was nearly consistent. The normal hand (mean = 4.43, standard deviation = 0.85, Md = 5) and clinodactyly (mean = 4.37, standard deviation = 0.86, Md = 5) were perceived to have the best appearance. Symbrachydactyly (mean = 1.42, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) and radial club hand (mean = 1.40, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) received the lowest scores. Adults rated the appearance of hands higher than children regarding 14 hands, females higher than men regarding 15 hands, and Europeans higher than Asians in 4 hands (p < 0.05, respectively). Europeans rated four-finger hand (mean = 3.21, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3) better looking than six-finger hand (mean = 2.92, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3, p < 0.005), whereas Asians gave higher scores to six-finger hand (mean = 2.66, standard deviation = 1.26, Md = 3) compared to four-finger hand (mean = 2.51, standard deviation = 1.14, Md = 2). Medical doctors and nurses gave higher scores compared to the other profession groups, school children, and high school students in five hands (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A normal hand is perceived distinctly better looking than most congenitally different hands. Different malformations’ appearance was ranked very coherently in the same order despite of participants’ age, gender, nationality, or profession. Asians seem to prefer an additional digit to a four-finger hand. SAGE Publications 2020-02-28 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8551435/ /pubmed/32106765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496920903987 Text en © The Finnish Surgical Society 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Research Articles
Nietosvaara, Noora N.
Sommarhem, Antti J.
Puhakka, Jani M.
Tan, Ruth E. S.
Schalamon, Johannes
Nietosvaara, Aarno Y.
Appearance of congenital hand anomalies
title Appearance of congenital hand anomalies
title_full Appearance of congenital hand anomalies
title_fullStr Appearance of congenital hand anomalies
title_full_unstemmed Appearance of congenital hand anomalies
title_short Appearance of congenital hand anomalies
title_sort appearance of congenital hand anomalies
topic Original Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8551435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32106765
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496920903987
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