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Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been used to assess otolith function in clinics worldwide. However, there are accumulating evidence suggesting that the clinically used sound stimuli activate not only the otolith afferents, but also the canal afferents, indicating canal contribution...

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Autores principales: Chen, Tianwen, Huang, Jun, Yu, Yue, Tang, Xuehui, Zhang, Chunming, Xu, Youguo, Arteaga, Alberto, Allison, Jerome, Mustain, William, Donald, Matthew C., Rappai, Tracy, Zhang, Michael, Zhou, Wu, Zhu, Hong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8551456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34720863
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.741571
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author Chen, Tianwen
Huang, Jun
Yu, Yue
Tang, Xuehui
Zhang, Chunming
Xu, Youguo
Arteaga, Alberto
Allison, Jerome
Mustain, William
Donald, Matthew C.
Rappai, Tracy
Zhang, Michael
Zhou, Wu
Zhu, Hong
author_facet Chen, Tianwen
Huang, Jun
Yu, Yue
Tang, Xuehui
Zhang, Chunming
Xu, Youguo
Arteaga, Alberto
Allison, Jerome
Mustain, William
Donald, Matthew C.
Rappai, Tracy
Zhang, Michael
Zhou, Wu
Zhu, Hong
author_sort Chen, Tianwen
collection PubMed
description Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been used to assess otolith function in clinics worldwide. However, there are accumulating evidence suggesting that the clinically used sound stimuli activate not only the otolith afferents, but also the canal afferents, indicating canal contributions to the VEMPs. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying the VEMPs and develop discriminative VEMP protocols, we further examined sound-evoked responses of the vestibular nucleus neurons and the abducens neurons, which have the interneurons and motoneurons of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathways. Air-conducted clicks (50–80 dB SL re ABR threshold, 0.1 ms duration) or tone bursts (60–80 dB SL, 125–4,000 Hz, 8 ms plateau, 1 ms rise/fall) were delivered to the ears of Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans rats. Among 425 vestibular nucleus neurons recorded in anesthetized rats and 18 abducens neurons recorded in awake rats, sound activated 35.9% of the vestibular neurons that increased discharge rates for ipsilateral head rotation (Type I neuron), 15.7% of the vestibular neurons that increased discharge rates for contralateral head rotation (Type II neuron), 57.2% of the vestibular neurons that did not change discharge rates during head rotation (non-canal neuron), and 38.9% of the abducens neurons. Sound sensitive vestibular nucleus neurons and abducens neurons exhibited characteristic tuning curves that reflected convergence of canal and otolith inputs in the VOR pathways. Tone bursts also evoked well-defined eye movements that increased with tone intensity and duration and exhibited peak frequency of ∼1,500 Hz. For the left eye, tone bursts evoked upward/rightward eye movements for ipsilateral stimulation, and downward/leftward eye movements for contralateral stimulation. These results demonstrate that sound stimulation results in activation of the canal and otolith VOR pathways that can be measured by eye tracking devices to develop discriminative tests of vestibular function in animal models and in humans.
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spelling pubmed-85514562021-10-29 Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats Chen, Tianwen Huang, Jun Yu, Yue Tang, Xuehui Zhang, Chunming Xu, Youguo Arteaga, Alberto Allison, Jerome Mustain, William Donald, Matthew C. Rappai, Tracy Zhang, Michael Zhou, Wu Zhu, Hong Front Neurosci Neuroscience Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been used to assess otolith function in clinics worldwide. However, there are accumulating evidence suggesting that the clinically used sound stimuli activate not only the otolith afferents, but also the canal afferents, indicating canal contributions to the VEMPs. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying the VEMPs and develop discriminative VEMP protocols, we further examined sound-evoked responses of the vestibular nucleus neurons and the abducens neurons, which have the interneurons and motoneurons of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathways. Air-conducted clicks (50–80 dB SL re ABR threshold, 0.1 ms duration) or tone bursts (60–80 dB SL, 125–4,000 Hz, 8 ms plateau, 1 ms rise/fall) were delivered to the ears of Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans rats. Among 425 vestibular nucleus neurons recorded in anesthetized rats and 18 abducens neurons recorded in awake rats, sound activated 35.9% of the vestibular neurons that increased discharge rates for ipsilateral head rotation (Type I neuron), 15.7% of the vestibular neurons that increased discharge rates for contralateral head rotation (Type II neuron), 57.2% of the vestibular neurons that did not change discharge rates during head rotation (non-canal neuron), and 38.9% of the abducens neurons. Sound sensitive vestibular nucleus neurons and abducens neurons exhibited characteristic tuning curves that reflected convergence of canal and otolith inputs in the VOR pathways. Tone bursts also evoked well-defined eye movements that increased with tone intensity and duration and exhibited peak frequency of ∼1,500 Hz. For the left eye, tone bursts evoked upward/rightward eye movements for ipsilateral stimulation, and downward/leftward eye movements for contralateral stimulation. These results demonstrate that sound stimulation results in activation of the canal and otolith VOR pathways that can be measured by eye tracking devices to develop discriminative tests of vestibular function in animal models and in humans. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8551456/ /pubmed/34720863 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.741571 Text en Copyright © 2021 Chen, Huang, Yu, Tang, Zhang, Xu, Arteaga, Allison, Mustain, Donald, Rappai, Zhang, Zhou and Zhu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Chen, Tianwen
Huang, Jun
Yu, Yue
Tang, Xuehui
Zhang, Chunming
Xu, Youguo
Arteaga, Alberto
Allison, Jerome
Mustain, William
Donald, Matthew C.
Rappai, Tracy
Zhang, Michael
Zhou, Wu
Zhu, Hong
Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats
title Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats
title_full Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats
title_fullStr Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats
title_full_unstemmed Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats
title_short Sound-Evoked Responses in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rats
title_sort sound-evoked responses in the vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways of rats
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8551456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34720863
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.741571
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